FAKTOR PENDORONG FINLANDIA BERGABUNG DENGAN NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO)
Keywords:
Finlandia, Rusia, NATO, Kepentingan Nasional
Abstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor pendorong Finlandia bergabung dengan NATO, dengan fokus pada perubahan kebijakan pertahanan pasca-invasi Rusia ke Ukraina pada 2022. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini menerapkan konsep kepentingan nasional K.J. Holsti, yang terbagi dalam core value, middle-range objectives, dan long-range objectives. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keputusan Finlandia dipengaruhi oleh keaman an nasional (core value), stabilitas regional (middle-range objectives), dan penguatan posisi strategis dalam keamanan internasional (long-range objectives). Keanggotaan NATO memperkuat pertahanan Finlandia, memastikan perlindungan kolektif, serta meningkatkan perannya dalam kebijakan keamanan global.
References
BUKU
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ARTIKEL JURNAL
Arnold Clay. “Russia/Finland (1904-1920).” University of Central Arkansas, 2024.
Avdaliani Emil. “Playing With Fire: Georgia’s Cautious Rapprochement With Russia,” 21 Juli 2023.
Daniel Fittante. “Generation-Based Position Taking: Unpacking Finland’s Decision to Join NATO.” Party Politics, July 15, 2023, 1–11.
Danube Institude. “The Changing Concept of Finland’s Neutrality.” Budapest, 25 April 2022.
Lauri Hannikainen . “Finland’s Continuation War (1941-1944): War of Aggression or Defence? War of Alliance or Separate War? Analyzed from the International - Especially Legal - Perspective.” Helsinki, 7 Januari 2020.
Matti Pesu, and Tuomas Iso-Markku. “‘Insufficiency of Informal Alignment: Why Did Finland Choose Formal NATO Membership?.’ .” Hubungan Internasional 100 (March 4, 2024): 569–88.
Smirnov P. Ye. “THE ACCESSION OF FINLAND AND SWEDEN TO NATO: GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR RUSSIA’S POSITION IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION.” RUSSIAN BALTIC SEA REGIONS IN THE NEW GEOPOLITICAL REALITY 15 (September 20, 2023).
WEBSITE
DW. “Latar Belakang Konflik Ukraina dan Invasi Rusia ke Donbas.” Deutsche Welle, 22 Februari 2022.
Finland Abroad. “Finland’s development cooperation in Afghanistan under the current circumstances.” Finland in Afghanistan, 2021.
Fosberg Tuomas. “d the K Finland and the Kosovo Crisis Cosovo.” Northern Dimensions, 2020.
Kauranen Anne. “What Can Finland’s Armed Forces and Arsenal Offer NATO?” Reuters, April 4, 2023.
Komarov A. “Finland’s Neutrality in Soviet Foreign Policy Perceptions.” Political Science, 2021.
Kompas. “2 Tahun Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina dan Dampak Global,” 6 Desember 2024.
Lupitasari Rizky Agustina. “Perang Ukraina-Rusia: Penyebab Konflik dan Upaya Perdamaian,” 3 Agustus 2022.
Michalski Anna. “Small states and the dilemma of geopolitics: role change in Finland and Sweden.” International Affairs 100, no. 1 (8 Januari 2024).
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NATO. “A Short History About NATO.” NATO int, 3 Juni 2022.
NATO. “Collective defence and Article 5.” NATO int, 23 Juli 2023.
NATO. “Finland joins NATO as 31st Ally.” North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 4 April 2023.
NATO. “Finland to begin Exercise Arctic Challenge with Allies and Partner Sweden.” NATO int, 25 Mei 2023.
NATO. “NATO - Topik: Hubungan dengan Finlandia.” Diakses 21 Mei 2024. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_49594.htm.
NATO. “Partnership for Peace programme.” NATO int, 28 Juni 2024.
NATO “Planning and Review Process.” NATO int, 25 April 2024.
NATO. “Türkiye, Finland, and Sweden sign agreement paving the way for Finnish and Swedish NATO membership.” North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 28 Juni 2022.
Ningsih Lestari Widya. “Perang Kosovo: Penyebab, Intervensi NATO, dan Dampak.” Kompas, 26 Januari 2023.
NORDEFCO. “Towards Vision 2025 by Strengthening NORDEFCO as Forum for High-Level Military Strategic Discussions,” 2021.
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Ritcher Klaus. “Baltic States and Finland.” Dalam International Encyclopedia of the First World. Germany, 8 Oktober 2014.
Salsabilla Soraya. “Perang Rusia-Ukraina: Dinamika Geopolitik dan Dampaknya di Kawasan Eropa.” Kompas, 6 Desember 2024.
Scanity Fisipol. “NATO dan Ekspansinya Menuju Skandinavia.” Scandinavia Community Universitas Gadjah Mada, 3 Juli 2024.
Seskuria Natia. “Russia’s ‘Hybrid Aggression’ against Georgia: The Use of Local and External Tools.” Washinton DC, 21 September 2021.
Shvangiradze Tsira. “The Winter War: The Soviet Invasion of Finland.” The Collector, 8 November 2023.
Syawfi Idil. “Operasi Militer Khusus di Ukraina: Drama Rusia dan Respons Internasional.” Kompas , 25 Februari 2022.
The Finnish Force Deffence. “Arctic Challenge Exercise 2023.” ilmavoimat, 2023.
Uutela, Marjo. “‘The End of Finlandization’. Finland’s Foreign Policy in the Eyes of the Two German States 1985–1990,” 3 Maret 2020.
Yle. “Government defence report: Finland must invest more in security due to Russian threat.” Yle News, 19 Desember 2024.
Yle. “Yle poll: Support for Nato membership soars to 76%.” Yle News, 5 September 2022.
John W. Creswell. Research Design . 4 ed. Yogyakarta : PUSTAKA PELAJAR, 2016.
Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: ALFABETA, 2017.
Kenneth N. Waltz. Theory of International Politics. Canada: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Philippines, 1979.
Nursyahbani Amirah. “Dampak Invasi Rusia Ke Ukraina Terhadap Stabilitas Suplai Energi Di Eropa.” JIPSi : Jurnal Ilmu Politik Dan Komunikasi 13 (December 2023).
ARTIKEL JURNAL
Arnold Clay. “Russia/Finland (1904-1920).” University of Central Arkansas, 2024.
Avdaliani Emil. “Playing With Fire: Georgia’s Cautious Rapprochement With Russia,” 21 Juli 2023.
Daniel Fittante. “Generation-Based Position Taking: Unpacking Finland’s Decision to Join NATO.” Party Politics, July 15, 2023, 1–11.
Danube Institude. “The Changing Concept of Finland’s Neutrality.” Budapest, 25 April 2022.
Lauri Hannikainen . “Finland’s Continuation War (1941-1944): War of Aggression or Defence? War of Alliance or Separate War? Analyzed from the International - Especially Legal - Perspective.” Helsinki, 7 Januari 2020.
Matti Pesu, and Tuomas Iso-Markku. “‘Insufficiency of Informal Alignment: Why Did Finland Choose Formal NATO Membership?.’ .” Hubungan Internasional 100 (March 4, 2024): 569–88.
Smirnov P. Ye. “THE ACCESSION OF FINLAND AND SWEDEN TO NATO: GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR RUSSIA’S POSITION IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION.” RUSSIAN BALTIC SEA REGIONS IN THE NEW GEOPOLITICAL REALITY 15 (September 20, 2023).
WEBSITE
DW. “Latar Belakang Konflik Ukraina dan Invasi Rusia ke Donbas.” Deutsche Welle, 22 Februari 2022.
Finland Abroad. “Finland’s development cooperation in Afghanistan under the current circumstances.” Finland in Afghanistan, 2021.
Fosberg Tuomas. “d the K Finland and the Kosovo Crisis Cosovo.” Northern Dimensions, 2020.
Kauranen Anne. “What Can Finland’s Armed Forces and Arsenal Offer NATO?” Reuters, April 4, 2023.
Komarov A. “Finland’s Neutrality in Soviet Foreign Policy Perceptions.” Political Science, 2021.
Kompas. “2 Tahun Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina dan Dampak Global,” 6 Desember 2024.
Lupitasari Rizky Agustina. “Perang Ukraina-Rusia: Penyebab Konflik dan Upaya Perdamaian,” 3 Agustus 2022.
Michalski Anna. “Small states and the dilemma of geopolitics: role change in Finland and Sweden.” International Affairs 100, no. 1 (8 Januari 2024).
Ministry for Foreign Affairs. “Government proposal on Finland’s accession to NATO submitted to Parliament,” 5 Desember 2023.
Ministry Foreign Policy Affairs of Finland. “Finland in Afghanistan,” 2021.
Ministry of Finland. “NATO membership and Finland’s resilience,” 2023.
Mustasilta Katarina. “ Finland in Afghanistan 2001–2021: From stabilization to advancing foreign and security policy relations.” The European Union and Strategic Competition Finland in Afghanistan 2001–2021 72 (Desember 2022).
NATO. “A Short History About NATO.” NATO int, 3 Juni 2022.
NATO. “Collective defence and Article 5.” NATO int, 23 Juli 2023.
NATO. “Finland joins NATO as 31st Ally.” North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 4 April 2023.
NATO. “Finland to begin Exercise Arctic Challenge with Allies and Partner Sweden.” NATO int, 25 Mei 2023.
NATO. “NATO - Topik: Hubungan dengan Finlandia.” Diakses 21 Mei 2024. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_49594.htm.
NATO. “Partnership for Peace programme.” NATO int, 28 Juni 2024.
NATO “Planning and Review Process.” NATO int, 25 April 2024.
NATO. “Türkiye, Finland, and Sweden sign agreement paving the way for Finnish and Swedish NATO membership.” North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 28 Juni 2022.
Ningsih Lestari Widya. “Perang Kosovo: Penyebab, Intervensi NATO, dan Dampak.” Kompas, 26 Januari 2023.
NORDEFCO. “Towards Vision 2025 by Strengthening NORDEFCO as Forum for High-Level Military Strategic Discussions,” 2021.
Phelan, Chatterjee. “NATO: Perjalanan Swedia dan Finlandia dari negara netral menjadi anggota pakta pertahanan - BBC News Indonesia.” BBC NEWS, 30 Juni 2022. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-61978858.
Ritcher Klaus. “Baltic States and Finland.” Dalam International Encyclopedia of the First World. Germany, 8 Oktober 2014.
Salsabilla Soraya. “Perang Rusia-Ukraina: Dinamika Geopolitik dan Dampaknya di Kawasan Eropa.” Kompas, 6 Desember 2024.
Scanity Fisipol. “NATO dan Ekspansinya Menuju Skandinavia.” Scandinavia Community Universitas Gadjah Mada, 3 Juli 2024.
Seskuria Natia. “Russia’s ‘Hybrid Aggression’ against Georgia: The Use of Local and External Tools.” Washinton DC, 21 September 2021.
Shvangiradze Tsira. “The Winter War: The Soviet Invasion of Finland.” The Collector, 8 November 2023.
Syawfi Idil. “Operasi Militer Khusus di Ukraina: Drama Rusia dan Respons Internasional.” Kompas , 25 Februari 2022.
The Finnish Force Deffence. “Arctic Challenge Exercise 2023.” ilmavoimat, 2023.
Uutela, Marjo. “‘The End of Finlandization’. Finland’s Foreign Policy in the Eyes of the Two German States 1985–1990,” 3 Maret 2020.
Yle. “Government defence report: Finland must invest more in security due to Russian threat.” Yle News, 19 Desember 2024.
Yle. “Yle poll: Support for Nato membership soars to 76%.” Yle News, 5 September 2022.
Published
2025-06-30
How to Cite
Pulungan, D., Nurdin, I., & Akbar, T. H. (2025). FAKTOR PENDORONG FINLANDIA BERGABUNG DENGAN NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO), 1(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/gij.v1i3.3307
Section
Articles
