FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENDORONG PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM KONFLIK LAUT TIONGKOK SELATAN TAHUN 2021-2023

  • Aqmellia Tanzillah Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
  • Yuswari Octonain Djemat Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
  • Taufan Herdansyah Akbar Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
Keywords: Amerika Serikat, Laut Tiongkok Selatan, Pivot to Asia, Kebijakan Luar Negeri, Joe Biden

Abstract

Amerika Serikat ikut terlibat di tengah memanas nya konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan pada tahun 2021 dikarenakan sikap agresif Tiongkok di kawasan, AS terlibat melalui kebijakan luar negeri nya, yaitu Pivot to Asia.  Kebijakan tersebut ditempuh melalui proses pengambilan keputusan luar negeri AS yang dianalisis melalui faktor-faktor pendorong terhadap pengambilan kebijakan tersebut.Tipe penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif, yang mana pendekatan ini berfokus pada pengamatan bersifat mendalam berkaitan dengan fenomena yang akan diteliti. Secara mendalam akan mengeksplorasi melalui pengumpulan informasi secara lengkap lewat pengumpulan data berdasarkan waktu yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor pendorong terhadap pengambilan kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat dalam konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan saling mempengaruhi antara satu sama lain, namun yang paling menonjol dan mempengaruhi dalam pengambilan kebijakan luar negeri tersebut yaitu sumber sistemik atau yang berasal dari faktor eksternal.

References

A, Yudho Priambudi. “Satu Tahun Kemitraan AUKUS: Dampak terhadap
Pengelolaan Isu Laut Tiongkok Selatan, dan harapan ke depan.”
Jurnal Hubungan Luar Negeri 7.2 (2022): 11–21.
Adrianus Revi Dwiguna and Muhammad Syaroni, “Rivalitas Amerika
Serikat-Tiongkok di Laut China Selatan dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap
Indonesia” Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional. Vol .2, No. 2
(2019).
Alenezi, Danah. “Biden's Strategic Competition Approach Towards China.”
Asian Social Science 20.1 (2024): 64.
AP Archive. “Vice President Kamala Harris: The AP Interview,” 2023. Online.
Internet. 18 Jul. 2024. Available:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= CSd4lnK14ng.
Arbatov Institute for US and Canada Studies. “US Policy towards Southeast
Asia: from Barack Obama to Joe Biden.” National Center for
Biotechnology Information, 2023. Online. Internet. 11 Jul. 2024.
Available:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10052221/.
Bhisa, Natasha Alexandra. “Kebijakan Luar Negeri AS Di Masa
Kepemimpinan Joe Biden Melalui The Quad 2.0 Sebagai
Pencegahan Dominasi China Di Kawasan Indo-Pasifik 2022-2023.”
Jurnal Niara 17.1 (2024): 106–116.
Blackwill, Robert D. “The U.S. Pivot to Asia and American Grand Strategy.”
Council on Foreign Relations, 2022. Online. Internet. 3 Mar. 2023.
Available:
https://www.cfr.org/project/us-pivot-asia-and-
american-grand- strategy.
CFR Education. “How Do Forces Outside Government Influence
Policymaking?,” 2023.Online.
Internet. 18 Jul. 2024.
Available:
https://education.cfr.org/learn/reading/how-do-
forces-outside-government- influence-policymaking.
Congressional Research Service. “Pivot to the Pacific? The Obama
Administration’s ‘Rebalancing’’ Toward Asia.’” CRS Report for
congress, 2012.
Council Foreign Relations. “U.S. Foreign Policy Powers: Congress and
the President,” 2017. Online.
Internet. 14 Jul. 2024.
Available: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-foreign-policy-
powers-congress-and- president
Council Foreign Relations. “U.S. Foreign Policy Powers: Congress and
the President,” 2017. Online.
Internet. 14 Jul. 2024.
Available:https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-foreign-policypowers-congress-and-
president.
Cresswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed
Methods Approaches. California: SAGE Publication, Inc. Sorensen,
2014.
CSIS. “The United States and the Multilateral System,” 2021. Online.
Internet.
18
Jul.
2024.
Available:
https://www.csis.org/programs/project-prosperity-anddevelopment/projects/us-soft-power-tools/united-states-and.
USA
Gov,
“Branches of the U.S. Government,” 2023, online, Internet, 14 Jul.
2024. Available: https://www.usa.gov/branches-of-government.
Gilani, Iftikhar. “Biden revives strategic pivot to Asia to contain
China’s influence.” AA, 2022. Online.
Internet. 13
Jul. 2024. Available:
https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-
pacific/biden-revives-strategic-pivot-to-asia-
to-contain-china-s-
influence/2601457#.
Ihsan, Rizky. “Joe Biden’s Foreign Policy: What to Expect from the New
United States President.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional
18.1
(2022): 88–98.
Kedutaan Besar dan Konsulat AS di Indonesia. “Posisi AS Terkait Klaim
Maritim di Laut China Selatan.” U.S. Embassy Jakarta, 2020.
Knickmeyer, Ellen. “Middle East conflicts revive clash between the president
and Congress over war powers.” Apnews, 2024. Online. Internet. 18
Jul. 2024. Available: https://apnews.com/article/biden-war-powersisrael-gaza-yemen-
houthis-c9cfce9a874fbc520ddcc4ef182bf63a.
Lieberthal, Kenneth G. “The American Pivot to Asia.” Brookings, 2011.
Online.
Internet.
4
Jul.
2024.
Available:https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the- american-pivot-to-asia/.
Ni Putu Wintana Milenia. “Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan Joe Biden terhadap
Kebijakan Amerika Serikat.” Jurnal Nawala Politika 1.1
(2023): 481–
491.
Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs. “Limits in
the Seas.” DepartemenLuar negeriAS, 2022. Available:
https://id.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/72/LIS150Klaim-
Maritim-di-Laut-China-Selatan-Batas-Batas-di-Lautan.pdf.
Rosenau, James N. International Politics and Foreign Policy. New York: The
Free Press, 1969.
Shafitri, Desy Nur, Ira Patriani, and Hardi Alunaza SD. “Respon ASEAN atas
Keterlibatan Amerika Serikat di Laut Cina Selatan: Tinjauan Teori
Balance of Threat.” Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 15.1 (2024): 55–78.
The White House. “Indo-Pacific Strategy,” 2022. Online. Internet. 3 Mar.
2024.
Available:
https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.- Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf.
USA Gov. “Branches of the U.S. Government,” 2023. Online. Internet. 14
Jul.
2024. Available: https://www.usa.gov/branches-of-government.
Waltz, Kenneth N. Theory of International Politics. California: Addison-Welsey
Publishing Company, 1979.
Wardhana, Agastya. “Grand Strategy Obama: Pivot to Asia.” Jurnal Global
dan strategis 12.1 (2018): 59–77.
Wei, Zongyou, and Yunhan Zhang. “The Biden Administration’s IndoPacific
Strategy and China-U.S. Strategic Competition.” China
Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 7.2 (2021): 157–178.
Willis,Christopher.
“The Obama
Pivot to Asia: An Analysis of the
Fundamentals.” UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations
(2017): 1–64.
Younis, Mohamed. “New High in Perceptions of China as U.S.’s
Greatest Enemy.” Gallup,
2021. Online.
Internet. 18
Jul. 2024.
Available:
https://news.gallup.com/poll/337457/new-high-perceptions-chinagreatest-
enemy.aspx.
Published
2024-10-24
How to Cite
Tanzillah, A., Djemat, Y. O., & Akbar, T. H. (2024). FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENDORONG PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM KONFLIK LAUT TIONGKOK SELATAN TAHUN 2021-2023. Global Insights Journal : Jurnal Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional, 1(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/gij.v1i1.2396

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>