PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN RUSSIA’S PIVOT TO THE EAST TERHADAP HUBUNGAN BILATERAL RUSIA-MYANMAR TAHUN 2021-2023
Keywords:
Pivot, Russia, Myanmar, Bilateral, Interdependence
Abstract
Russia's pivot policy to the east to expand economic cooperation to the Asia Pacific region amidst pressure from Western sanctions and the momentum of the political coup that occurred in Myanmar in 2021 under the leadership of General Min Aung Hlaing which received international approval and condemnation made the two countries come closer and having a relationship. Bilateral relations have become closer than before.Through qualitative research and analytical descriptive methods, this research aims to analyze and describe the impact of Russia's eastern axis policy on bilateral relations between Russia and Myanmar in 2021-2023 on the soft power resources of large countries, political credibility, and the benefits of democracy obtained. by Russia and Myanmar from bilateral relations established from 2021 to 2023.
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(2024
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Alfarauqi, M. D. A.
(2018
). Vladimir Putin dan Dekonstruksi Soft Power Rusia.
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 6
(2
), 170–179.
Creswell, J. W.
(2017
). Research Design: Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan
Mixed. Pustaka Pelajar.
Eka Yudha Saputra.
(2021
). ASEAN Tolak Min Aung Hlaing Wakili Myanmar
pada
KTT
Regional
dengan
Cina.
Tempo.Co.
https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1530337/asean-tolak-min-aung-hlaingwakili-myanmar-pada-ktt-regional-dengan-cina
Fortescue, S.
(2015
). Post-Soviet Affairs Russia ’ s “ turn to the east ”: a study in
policy
making.
July,
423–454.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2015.1051750
Forumvostok.
(2024
). Visa Waiver Proposition Between Russia and Myanmar To
Be Signed At EEF 2024. Eastern Economic Forum News.
https://forumvostok.ru/en/news/visa-waiver-proposition-between-russiaand-myanmar-to-be-signed-at-eef-2024-/
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(1986
). Excerpts From Gorbachev’s Speech. The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/29/world/excerpts-from-gorbachevs-speech.html
Hunt, L.
(2021
). Russia Seeks to Strengthen Old Ties with Myanmar Junta.
VOA.
https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_russia-seeks-
strengthen-old-ties-myanmar-junta/6202663.html
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(2023
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(2023
). War-Torn Myanmar Plans to Hold Elections. Will
They Matter? Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/inbrief/war-torn-myanmar-plans-hold-elections-will-they-matter
Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S.
(1977
). Power and Interdependence: World Politics
in Transition
(Longman (Ed.); 4th ed.). Little Brown and Company.
Lukin, A.
(2016
). Russia’s pivot to Asia: Myth or reality? Strategic Analysis,
40
(6
), 573–589.
Lukin, A.
(2018
). Introduction : Russia in the Asia-Pacific. Asian Politics and
Policy, 10
(4
), 576–583. https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12421
M.Lederer, E.
(2022
). Russia and China block UN statement on Myanmar crisis.
AP News. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-politics-asia-china
McCroskey, J. C., & Young, T. J.
(1981
). Ethos and credibility: The construct
and its measurement after three decades. Communication Studies, 32
(1
),
24–34.
Mizzima.
(2021
). Myanmar to attend Eastern Economic Forum. Mizzima News.
https://mizzima.com/article/myanmar-attend-eastern-economic-forum
Myanmar’s Military Council Supports Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine.
(2022
). VOA
Burmese Service. https://www.voanews.com/a/myanmar-s-militarycouncil-supports-russia-s-invasion-0f-ukraine/6458527.html
Nye, J. S.
(1990
). Bound to lead: the changing nature of American power. Basic
books.
Nye, J. S.
(2004
). Soft power: The means to success in world politics. Public
affairs.
Orysia Lutsevych.
(2016
). The Long Arm of Russian “Soft” Power. Atlantic
Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/the-longarm-of-russian-soft-power/
Putin, V.
(2012a
). News conference following APEC Leaders’ Week. Kremlin
Russia. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/16432
Putin, V.
(2012b
). Russia and the Changing World
(Россия и меняющийся мир
).
Moskovskiye Novosti. https://www.mn.ru/politics/78738
Putin, V.
(2013
). The Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.
http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/official%0A_documents
Rights, U. H.
(2023
). UN expert exposes $1 billion “death trade” to Myanmar
military. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/05/un-expertexposes-1-billion-death-trade-myanmar-military
Roscongress.
(2024
). Visa Waiver Proposition Between Rusia and Myanmar to
be Signed at EEF 2024. Eastern Economic Forum News.
https://forumvostok.ru/en/news/visa-waiver-proposition-between-russiaand-myanmar-to-be-signed-at-eef-2024-/
Storey, I.
(2021
). The Russia-China Strategic Partnership and Southeast Asia :
Alignments and Divergences. ISEAS Perspective, 117, 1–12.
TASS.
(2022
). Myanmar premier says he considers Putin ‘leader of the world.’
Russian News Agency. https://tass.com/world/1503803
The Business Standard.
(2023
). Myanmar junta “likely” to hold polls in 2025:
Party
officials.
The
Business
Standard.
https://www.tbsnews.net/world/myanmar-junta-likely-hold-polls-2025party-officials-695302
The Irrawaddy.
(2022
). Junta Watch: Pro-Regime Media Spin Biden Comment;
State and Regional Govts Warned; and More. The Irrawaddy.
https://www.irrawaddy.com/factiva/junta-watch-pro-regime-media-spinbiden-comment-state-and-regional-govts-warned-and-more.html
The Irrawaddy.
(2023a
). Myanmar Junta Adds Russia’s ‘Firehose of
Propaganda’
to
its
Arsenal.
The
Irrawaddy.https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/myanmars-crisis-the-world/myanmarjunta-adds-russias-firehose-of-propaganda-to-its-arsenal.html
The Irrawaddy.
(2023b
). Russian Lower House Official Pledges Support for
Myanmar Regime’s
Planned
Poll.
The
Irrawaddy.
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/russian-lower-house-officialpledges-support-for-myanmar-regimes-planned-poll.html
The Irrawaddy.
(2023c). Snubbed Myanmar Junta Leader Must Watch China’s
BRI
Summit
From
Home.
The
Irrawaddy.
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/myanmar-china-watch/snubbedmyanmar-junta-leader-must-watch-chinas-bri-summit-from-home.html
Uliana Pavlova.
(2021
). Russia to Deepen Ties With Myanmar Military Junta, Top
Defense Official Says in First Visit After Coup. The Moscow Times.
https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/03/26/russia-to-deepen-tieswith-myanmar-military-junta-top-defense-official-says-in-first-visit-aftercoup-a73387
UN, P.
(2022
). As Crisis in Myanmar Worsens, Security Council Must Take
Resolute Action to End Violence by Country’s Military, Address
Humanitarian
Situation,
Speakers
Urge.
https://press.un.org/en/2022/sc15652.doc.htm
UNICEF Myanmar.
(2021
). Joint statement by GAVI, UNICEF and WHO on
efforts to accelerate COVID vaccine availability in Myanmar. UNICEF.
https://www.unicef.org/myanmar/press-releases/joint-statement-gaviunicef-and-who-efforts-accelerate-covid-vaccine-availability
VOA.
(2022
). Myanmar’s Military Council Supports Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine.
https://www.voanews.com/a/myanmar-s-military-council-supportsrussia-s-invasion-0f-ukraine/6458527.html
VOA Burmese Service.
(2022
). Myanmar’s Military Council Supports Russia’s
Invasion of Ukraine. VOA News. https://www.voanews.com/a/myanmar-smilitary-council-supports-russia-s-invasion-0f-ukraine/6458527.html
Published
2024-10-23
How to Cite
Febriani, G. D., Nurdin, I., & Tholhah, T. (2024). PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN RUSSIA’S PIVOT TO THE EAST TERHADAP HUBUNGAN BILATERAL RUSIA-MYANMAR TAHUN 2021-2023. Global Insights Journal : Jurnal Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional, 1(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/gij.v1i1.2423
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