STRATEGI PERTAHANAN AMERIKA SERIKAT DI TIMUR TENGAH MELALUI ABRAHAM ACCORDS TAHUN 2021-2025
Abstrak
Strategi pertahanan Amerika Serikat di Timur Tengah pada periode 2021–2025 diwujudkan melalui Abraham Accords, sebuah inisiatif normalisasi yang bertujuan membentuk aliansi strategis bersama negara-negara Arab dalam menghadapi ancaman dari Iran. Melalui kerja sama militer, penempatan pasukan, dan bantuan persenjataan, Amerika Serikat berupaya memperkuat posisinya di kawasan yang terus bergejolak.
Menggunakan pendekatan neorealisme dan teori strategi pertahanan Colin S. Gray, kajian ini menguraikan tiga unsur utama: tujuan kebijakan (policy ends), cara strategis (strategic ways), dan sarana militer (military means). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Abraham Accords berfungsi sebagai alat politik dan militer untuk menjaga kepentingan strategis Amerika Serikat di Timur Tengah. Namun, efektivitasnya terhambat oleh dinamika konflik Israel–Palestina, resistensi sejumlah negara Arab, dan meningkatnya pengaruh Tiongkok dan Rusia di kawasan.
Referensi
Bakri Suryadi, Umar. Metode Penelitian Hubungan Internasional. 3 ed. Pustaka Pelajar, 2019.
Congressional Research Service. “The Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) System.” Congressional Research Service, 2024. Daring. Internet. 26 Jul 2025. . Available: https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/IF/PDF/IF12645/IF12645.1.pdf.
Council on Foreign Relations. “U.S. Relations With Iran 1953-2025.” Council on Foreign Relations, 2025. Daring. Internet. 2 Jul 2025. . Available: https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-relations-iran-1953-2025.
Embassy of the United Arab Emirates Washington DC. “The UAE & the F-35: Frontline Defense for the UAE, US and Partners.” Embassy of the United Arab Emirates Washington DC, 2021. Daring. Internet. 15 Jul 2025. . Available: https://www.uae-embassy.org/uae-us-cooperation/f-35#:~:text=In January 2021%2C the United Arab Emirates finalized,aircraft and other defense equipment%2C as previously announced.
Israel Defence Forces. “A First: A US Military Facility in Israel.” Israel Defence Forces (IDF), 2017. Daring. Internet. 25 Jul 2025. . Available: https://www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/international-cooperation/a-first-a-us-military-facility-in-israel/.
Office of the Director of National Intelligence. U.S. Office of the Director of National Intelligence | 2021 Annual Threat Assessment, 2021. Available: https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/ATA-2021-Unclassified-Report.pdf.
S. Gray, Colin. “Strategy and Defence Planning Meeting the Challenge of Uncertainty.” In Strategy and Defence Planning Meeting the Challenge of Uncertainty. 1 ed. Oxford Univeristy Press, 2014.
Sorensen, George, Jorgen Moller, dan Robert Jackson. Introduction to International Relations eight edition, 2022.
UEA USA United. “UAE and US Joint Military Training.” UEA USA United, 2020. Daring. Internet. 25 Jul 2025. . Available: https://www.uaeusaunited.com/stories/uae-and-us-joint-military-training.
.png)
.png)
