FAKTOR HAMBATAN GREENPEACE DALAM MENGHENTIKAN WILLOW PROJECT DI ALASKA, AMERIKA SERIKAT
Keywords:
Greenpeace, Willow Project, Pengeboran Minyak, NGO, Ekosentrisme
Abstract
Greenpeace merupakan organisasi internasional non pemerintah yang bergerak sebagai pemerhati lingkungan. Pada dasarnya Greenpeace telah melakukan banyak gerakan penolakan terhadap aktivitas-aktivitas yang berpotensi merusak kelestarian ekosistem guna menciptakan kondisi lingkungan yang lebih baik. Willow Project merupakan sebuah proyek pengeboran minyak secara besar-besaran oleh perusahaan ConocoPhillips yang dilakukan di Alaska, Amerika Serikat yang nantinya akan berdampak besar bagi kondisi lingkungan disana serta memiliki pengaruh terhadap kenaikan suhu bumi dan pemanasan global. Proyek yang sempat berhenti ini kembali berjalan setelah disetujui oleh Joe Biden selaku presiden Amerika Serikat saat ini. Greenpeace sebagai OI pemerhati lingkungan seharusnya memiliki peran besar dalam melakukan pencegahan terhadap berjalannya proyek tersebut tetapi pada nyata nya proyek tersebut tetap berjalan hingga saat ini.
References
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ConocoPhillips. Willow project is in the northeast corner of the National Petroleum Reserve- Alaska. USGS, Department of Interior
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Greenpeace, 2019. People vs Oil. Diakses pada 15 Agustus 2024 melalui http://www.savethearctic.o rg/
Greenpeace. 2023. Say No to Willow Project. Diakses 15 Agustus 2024 melalui https://community.green peace.org.nz/petitions/sto p-the-willow-project-79
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Jackson, R., & Sorensen, G. (2005). Pengantar Studi Hubungan Internasional. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Kodra, Hadi, S., & Syaukani. (2004). Bumi Makin Panas, Banjir Makin Luas, Menyibak Tragedi Kehancuran Hutan. Bandung: Yayasan Nuansa Cendikia.
National Snow and Ice Data Center. 2024. Arctic Sea Ice News and Analysis. Diakses 16 Agustus melalui https://nsidc.org/arcticseai cenews/
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Nurkumala, P. (2015). Peran Greenpeace Terhadap Konservasi Gray Whale di Korea Selatan. Jom Fisip, 2(2), 1-2.
Rudy, T. M. (1998). Administrasi dan Organisasi Internasional. bandung: Refika Aditama.
Save the Arctic-Greenpeace.
Protect the Arctic Diakses 16 Agustus 2024 melalui https://www.greenpeace.org
/usa/issues/protect-the- arctic/
Saeri, M. 2012. Teori Hubungan Internasional Sebuah Pendekatan Paradigmatik. Jurnal Transnasional, vol 3, no. 2. Hal 10-15
Sayyidate, A. (2017). Isu Pemanasian Global dalam Pergeseran Paradigma Keamanan pada Studi Hubungan Internasional. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 6(1), 5.
Sovereign Iñupiat for a Living Arctic. 2023. The Biden Aadministration’s Approval of the ConocoPhilips Willow Project Abandon Its Climate Promise and Fails to Protect Nearby Communities.
Diakses 16 Agustus 2024 melalui https://www.silainuat.org/n ews/the-biden- administrations-approval-of- the-willow-project-abandons- climate-promises
State of Alaska Department of Revenue. (2022). Willow Project Fiscal Analysis. Alaska: State of Alaska Department of Revenue.
Archer, C. (2001). International Organizations. London: Routledge.
Ardhian, D. (2016). Peran dan Strategi Organisasi Non Pemerintah dalam Arena Politik Lingkungan Hidup. Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 4(3), 211-212.
Bakry, U. S. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hubungan Internasional. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Barnett, M. N., & Finnemore, M. (1999). The Politics, Power and Pathologies of International Organizations. International Organization, 53(4)
Burchill, S., & Linklater, A. (2009).
Teori-Teori Hubungan Internasional. Bandung: Nusa Media.
Bohres, B., Brown, M. & Daly, M. 2023. Alaska’s Willow oil project is controversial. Here’s why. AP News.
Diakses pada 5 Agustus 2024, melalui https://apnews.com/article/ alaska-oil-drilling-biden- environment-climate- c39147c8ae1797aab9cb2721 9bf92675
ConocoPhillips. (2019, September 9). Sustainability News. Retrieved from Responsibly Developing Alaska’s Willow Project: https://www.conocophillips. com/sustainability/sustaina bility- news/story/responsibly- developing-alaska-s-willow- project/
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. 2024. Story is in the ice: Documenting climate change through the Extreme Ice Survey. Diakse 2 Agustus 2024 melalui https://cires.colorado.edu/n ews/story-ice-documenting- climate-change-through- extreme-ice-survey
ConocoPhillips. Willow project is in the northeast corner of the National Petroleum Reserve- Alaska. USGS, Department of Interior
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative , and Mixed Methods Approaches. California: SAGE Publication. Creswell, J. W. (2016). Research Design: Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, dan Campuran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.
Dunne, T. (2016). The Globalization of World Politics. Oxford.
Earthjustice. 2023. Tell the Biden administration that permitting the Willow project was a mistake. Diakses 16 Agustus 2024 melalui https://earthjustice.org/acti on/protect-the-western- arctic
Fadhila, M. N. (2022). Kampanye Greenpeace dalam Mencegah Aktifitas Pengeboran Minyak oleh Shell dan Finlandia di Wilayah Arktik. Sriwijaya Journal of International Relations, 2(2), 25.
Gallarotti, G. M. (1991). Systematic Failure in the Management of International Relations. International Organization, 45(2).
Greenpeace. 2012. Climate Change Impacts on Arctic Wildlife.
Diakse pada 16 Agustus 2024 melalui https://www.greenpeace.org
/static/planet4- international- stateless/2012/08/317d2d4 7-420-arcticwildlife.pdf
Greenpeace, Kruise. 2023. Greenpeace USA among groups suing to stop the Willow Oil Project in Alaska’s Western Arctic. Diakses pada 15 Agustus 2024 melalui https://www.greenpeace.org /usa/news/greenpeace-usa- among-groups-suing-to-stop- the-willow-oil-project-in- alaskas-western-arctic/
Greenpeace, Montgomery. 2023. 3 Reasons the Willow Project Arctic Oil Drilling Project Was Approved. Diakses 15 Agustus 2024 melalui https://www.greenpeace.or g/aotearoa/story/willow- project-arctic-oil-drilling/
Greenpeace, 2019. People vs Oil. Diakses pada 15 Agustus 2024 melalui http://www.savethearctic.o rg/
Greenpeace. 2023. Say No to Willow Project. Diakses 15 Agustus 2024 melalui https://community.green peace.org.nz/petitions/sto p-the-willow-project-79
International Arctic Research Center. 2019. Alaska Changing Enviroment. Diakses 5 Agustus 2024 melalui https://uaf- iarc.org/alaskas-changing- environment/
Jackson, R., & Serensen, G. (2016). Pengantar Studi Hubungan Internasional dan Pendekatan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Jackson, R., & Sorensen, G. (2005). Pengantar Studi Hubungan Internasional. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Kodra, Hadi, S., & Syaukani. (2004). Bumi Makin Panas, Banjir Makin Luas, Menyibak Tragedi Kehancuran Hutan. Bandung: Yayasan Nuansa Cendikia.
National Snow and Ice Data Center. 2024. Arctic Sea Ice News and Analysis. Diakses 16 Agustus melalui https://nsidc.org/arcticseai cenews/
Northern Alaska Fish and Wildlife Field Office, Conservation Planning Assistance, Branch Manager. (2022, Agustus 29). Proposed Willow Master Development Plan . Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement. Room 110 Fairbanks, Alaska, USA: United States Department of the Interior.
Nurkumala, P. (2015). Peran Greenpeace Terhadap Konservasi Gray Whale di Korea Selatan. Jom Fisip, 2(2), 1-2.
Rudy, T. M. (1998). Administrasi dan Organisasi Internasional. bandung: Refika Aditama.
Save the Arctic-Greenpeace.
Protect the Arctic Diakses 16 Agustus 2024 melalui https://www.greenpeace.org
/usa/issues/protect-the- arctic/
Saeri, M. 2012. Teori Hubungan Internasional Sebuah Pendekatan Paradigmatik. Jurnal Transnasional, vol 3, no. 2. Hal 10-15
Sayyidate, A. (2017). Isu Pemanasian Global dalam Pergeseran Paradigma Keamanan pada Studi Hubungan Internasional. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 6(1), 5.
Sovereign Iñupiat for a Living Arctic. 2023. The Biden Aadministration’s Approval of the ConocoPhilips Willow Project Abandon Its Climate Promise and Fails to Protect Nearby Communities.
Diakses 16 Agustus 2024 melalui https://www.silainuat.org/n ews/the-biden- administrations-approval-of- the-willow-project-abandons- climate-promises
State of Alaska Department of Revenue. (2022). Willow Project Fiscal Analysis. Alaska: State of Alaska Department of Revenue.
Published
2025-02-12
How to Cite
Kusnadi Putra, R., Rachmat, A. N., & Oktaviani, J. (2025). FAKTOR HAMBATAN GREENPEACE DALAM MENGHENTIKAN WILLOW PROJECT DI ALASKA, AMERIKA SERIKAT. Global Insights Journal : Jurnal Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional, 2(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/gij.v2i1.3143
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Articles
