PERAN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) DALAM MENANGGULANGI PERDAGANGAN MANUSIA DI THAILAND TAHUN 2021-2023
Abstract
Penelitian ini mengelaborasi mengenai Peran International Organization for Migration (IOM) dalam Menanggulangi Perdagangan Manusia di Thailand Tahun 2021-2023 dengan didasari kenaikan kasus perdagangan manusia di Thailand dan IOM sebagai organisasi yang memiliki mandat memastikan pengelolaan migrasi yang tertib dan manusiawi serta sebagai organisasi yang paling menonjol untuk penaggulangan perdagangan manusia di Thailand. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan wawancara sebagai data primer dan studi pustaka sebagai data sekunder. Berdasarkan teori peran organisasi internasional milik A. LeRoy Bennett, IOM menjalankan peran sebagai sarana kerja sama di Thailand dengan memimpin The UN Thailand Network on Migration, memfasilitasi kerja sama Thailand dan Kamboja, serta mendukung ASEAN dalam pembuatan pedoman deklarasi. IOM juga menjalankan perannya sebagai mekanisme administrative dengan mengembangkan National Referral Mechanism (NRM) di Thailand. Selain itu, IOM berperan sebagai saluran komunikasi dalam menanggulangi perdagangan manusia di Thailand dengan terlibat dalam forum COMMIT Process dan Bali Process. Dalam menjalankan perannya, IOM memiliki tantangan yakni saluran komunikasi yang belum sepenuhnya terorganisir.
References
(2011). Perdagangan Orang: Dimensi, Instrumen
Internasional Dan Pengaturannya Di Indonesia. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Bangkok Post.
(2022, December 21). Thailand hosts COMMIT meeting
against trafficking in six Mekong countries. Bangkok Post.
https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/pr/2465820/thailand-hostscommit-meeting-against-trafficking-in-six-mekong-countries
Bennett, A. L.
(1995). International Organizations: Principles and Issues
(Sixth Edition). Prentice-Hall International, Inc.
Creswell, J. W.
(2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and
Mixed Methods Approaches
(Fourth Edition). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Haebahan, P. A.
(2018). Kerjasama Thailand dan Amerika Serikat dalam
menangani kasus Slavery and Human Trafficking di Industri Perikanan
Thailand 2013-2017
[Skripsi,
Universitas
Diponegoro].
http://eprints.undip.ac.id/70321/
International Organization for Migration.
(n.d.). IOM X Factsheet Human
Trafficking. International Organization for Migration. Retrieved April 13,
2024,
from
https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/infographic/IOMXF
actsheets_General.pdf
International Organization for Migration.
(2024). Coordinated Mekong
Ministerial Initiative Against Trafficking
(COMMIT Process).
International
Organization
for
Migration.
https://www.iom.int/coordinated-mekong-ministerial-initiative-againsttrafficking-commit-process
IOM Brussels Regional Office for The European Economic Area, T. E. U. and
N.
(2024). Counter Trafficking in Human Beings. International
Organization for Migration. https://eea.iom.int/counter-traffickinghuman-beings
IOM Indonesia.
(2023, December 21). IOM Supported AICHR-led ASEAN
Forum on Human Rights at Sea to Strengthen Migrant Fishers
Protection.
International
Organization
for
Migration.
https://indonesia.iom.int/news/iom-supported-aichr-led-asean-forumhuman-rights-sea-strengthen-migrant-fishers-protection
IOM Regional Office for Asia and The Pacific.
(2024). IOM’s Regional
Situation Report on Trafficking in Persons Into Forced Criminality in
Online
Scamming
Centres
in
Southeast
Asia.
https://roasiapacific.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl671/files/documents/
2024-03/iom-southeast-asia-trafficking-for-forced-criminalityupdate_december-2023-1.pdf
IOM
Thailand.
(2021).
Annual
Report
2021.
https://thailand.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1371/files/documents/io
m-thailand-annual-report-2021.pdf
IOM
Thailand.
(2022).
Annual
Report
2022.
https://thailand.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1371/files/documents/20
23-05/05.11_annual-report-2022.pdf
IOM
Thailand.
(2024a).
Annual
Report
2023.
https://thailand.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1371/files/documents/20
24-05/iom-thailand-annual-report-2023-english.pdf
IOM Thailand.
(2024b). Counter-Trafficking. International Organization for
Migration. https://thailand.iom.int/counter-trafficking
IOM Thailand.
(2024c). Global Compact for Migration. International
Organization for Migration. https://thailand.iom.int/global-compactmigration
IOM Thailand.
(2024d). Who We Are. International Organization for
Migration. https://thailand.iom.int/who-we-are
Khmer Times.
(2022, August 30). Cambodia, Thailand sign agreement on
combating
human
trafficking.
Khmer
Times.
https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501141318/cambodia-thailand-signagreement-on-combating-human-trafficking/
Khoirunnisa, A.
(2018). Implementasi Asean Plan Of Action To Combat
Transnational Crimes
(Studi Kasus Human Trafficking Di Thailand Pada
Tahun 2006-2010). GLOBAL INSIGHT JOURNAL, 3
(2).
https://doi.org/10.52447/gij.v3i2.1673
Lapuekou, C.
(2023, October 31). Thailand Reduces Work Permit Fees for
Employees from Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam. The Laotian Times. https://laotiantimes.com/2023/10/31/thailand-reduces-workpermit-fees-for-employees-from-laos-cambodia-myanmar-vietnam/
MIURA, M.
(2022). Kingdom of Thailand, project for strengthening regional
network for combating trafficking in persons
(TIP) in Mekong region
short-term expert
(counter-trafficking in persons) project activity :
completion
report.
https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/1000049211.pdf
National Police Chiefs’ Council.
(2023). The National Referral Mechanism.
National Police Chiefs’ Council. https://www.npcc-msoicu.co.uk/aboutmsoic/the-national-referral-mechanism/
Petrosyan, S., & Khachatryan, H.
(2013). Human Trafficking: Manual for
Lecturers and Students. International Organization for Migration
Mission
in
Armenia.
https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/university_manual_hum
antrafficking_eng.pdf
Pongthanyaleela, S.
(2024, 8 2). The Role of International Organization for
Migration in Combating Human Trafficking in Thailand in 2021-2023.
(R. N. Afriyani, Pewawancara)
Roujanavong, W.
(2012, August). Human Trafficking: A Challenge to
Thailand and The World Community. RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES.
Royal Thai Government.
(2023). Royal Thai Government’s Country Report on
Anti-Human Trafficking Efforts: 1 January - 31 December 2023.
https://www.thaianti-humantraffickingaction.org/Home/wpcontent/uploads/2024/02/2023-Country-Report-FINAL-as-of-25-Jan22.pdf
Satori, D., & Komariah, A.
(2013). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif
(Cet. 2).
Alfabeta.
Savitri, R. A.
(2014). Upaya Pemerintah Thailand dalam Menanggulangi
Perdagangan Manusia
[Skripsi]. Universitas Muhammadiyah
Yogyakarta.
Steering Committee of the National Referral Mechanism.
(2023). Guidelines
on The National Referral Mechanism to Protect and Assist Survivors of
Trafficking in Thailand. International Organization for Migration.
https://thailand.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1371/files/documents/20
24-03/guidelines-on-nrm-to-protect-and-assist-survivors-en.pdf
Sugiyono.
(2011). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D.
Alfabeta.
The Bali Process.
(2024a). About the Bali Process. The Bali Process.
https://www.baliprocess.net/about-the-bali-process/
The Bali Process.
(2024b). Bali Process Members. The Bali Process.
https://www.baliprocess.net/bali-process-members/
The Bali Process.
(2024c). Bali Process Steering Group. The Bali Process.
https://www.baliprocess.net/bali-process-steering-group/
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
(2000, November 15). United
Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the
Protocols
Thereto.
United
Nations.
https://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNTOC/Publications/TOC
%20Convention/TOCebook-e.pdf
U.S. Departement of State.
(2023). Trafficking in Persons Report June 2023.
https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Trafficking-inPersons-Report-2023_Introduction-Additional-Pagesv4_FINAL.pdf