TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL DAN REFORMASI BIROKRASI DI INDONESIA: TANTANGAN INTEROPERABILITAS DATA DAN BUDAYA KERJA MENUJU SMART GOVERNANCE
Abstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis dinamika transformasi digital dalam reformasi birokrasi di Indonesia dengan fokus pada tantangan interoperabilitas data dan perubahan budaya kerja menuju smart governance. Di tengah percepatan digitalisasi melalui Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE), berbagai hambatan struktural dan kultural masih belum terselesaikan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi literatur dan analisis kebijakan. Kerangka teori meliputi reformasi birokrasi, sistem terbuka, e-government , meritokrasi, dan partisipasi publik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingginya angka Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR) Indonesia yang mencapai 6,3 mencerminkan inefisiensi tata kelola akibat fragmentasi sistem data dan ego sektoral antarinstansi. Keterbatasan literasi digital aparatur dan masyarakat, serta kesenjangan infrastruktur digital antara wilayah barat dan timur Indonesia, menjadi penghambat utama birokrasi digital yang inklusif. Inovasi seperti shared office system di IKN dan sistem "Satu Sistem, Satu Data, Satu Produk" dari BKN membuktikan bahwa interoperabilitas data dan kolaborasi lintas instansi merupakan prasyarat efisiensi birokrasi. Penelitian merekomendasikan penguatan kelembagaan pengawas digital, percepatan pembangunan infrastruktur telekomunikasi di wilayah tertinggal, serta program literasi digital masif bagi aparatur dan masyarakat untuk mewujudkan smart governance yang inklusif dan berkeadilan.
Kata Kunci: Transformasi Digital, Reformasi Birokrasi, Interoperabilitas Data, Budaya Kerja, Smart Governance
References
Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225
Bovens, M. (2007). Analysing and assessing accountability: A conceptual framework. Public Administration Review, 67(s1), 447–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00778.x
Caiden, G. E. (1991). Administrative reform comes of age. Walter de Gruyter.
Cooper, T. L. (2012). The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role (6th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Crozier, M. (1964). The bureaucratic phenomenon. University of Chicago Press.
Denzin, N. K. (1978). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Dwiyanto, A. (2011). Reformasi birokrasi publik di Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Frederickson, H. G. (1980). New public administration. University of Alabama Press.
Habermas, J. (1996). Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy. MIT Press.
Heady, F. (2001). Public administration: A comparative perspective (6th ed.). Marcel Dekker.
International, T. (2023). Corruption perceptions index 2023. Transparency International.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The social psychology of organizations (2nd ed.). Wiley.
Milakovich, M. E., & Gordon, G. J. (2004). Public administration in America (8th ed.). Wadsworth.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Morgan, G. (2006). Images of organization. SAGE Publications.
Negara, B. K. (2024). Laporan implementasi sistem satu data ASN. BKN.
Nigro, F. A., & Nigro, L. G. (1989). Modern public administration (7th ed.). HarperCollins.
OECD. (2002). Public sector modernization: Open government. OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2012). OECD review of public governance: Indonesia. OECD Publishing.
Osborne, D., & Gaebler, T. (1992). Reinventing government: How the entrepreneurial spirit is transforming the public sector. Addison-Wesley.
PANRB, K. (2019). Grand design reformasi birokrasi 2010–2025. KemenPANRB.
Peters, B. G. (2010). The politics of bureaucracy: An introduction to comparative public administration (6th ed.). Routledge.
Research, G. (2000). E-government maturity model. Gartner Group.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior (15th ed.). Pearson.
Tapscott, D. (1995). The digital economy: Promise and peril in the age of networked intelligence. McGraw-Hill.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2023 Tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (2023).
UNESCAP. (2009). What is good governance? United Nations.
Widodo, J. (2018). Analisis kebijakan publik: Konsep dan aplikasi analisis proses kebijakan publik. Bayumedia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Academia Praja
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Jurnal Academia Praja, Department of Master of Governmental Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani as publisher of the journal.
Copyright encompasses rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms, and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations.
Jurnal Academia Praja, Department of Master of Governmental Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani and the Editors make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in Jurnal Academia Praja are the sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors
