STABILITAS EKONOMI INDONESIA DALAM PANDEMI COVID-19 DAN POTENSI INDONESIA UNTUK TERJEBAK MIDDLE INCOME TRAP
Abstract
This article will focus on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Indonesia's economic conditions. Researchers realize that solid economic stability will lead the country to achieve public welfare and achieve the ideal form of government, therefore research on the impact of the pandemic on the economic stability of a country is something important to do. The decline of Indonesia's status to a lower middle income country in mid-2021 has become a clear warning for Indonesia to improve in handling Covid-19, poor handling will have implications for the wheels of the Indonesian economy which may plunge Indonesia into a middle income trap. The results of the study show that the transformation of the economy towards a knowledge-based economy will be the right step to maintain economic stability during the pandemic because of its more resilient nature.
References
BBC. (2021, November 29). Apa itu Omicron : Hal-Hal yang Sejauh Ini Perlu Diketahui Tentang Varian Baru Virus Corona. Retrieved from BBC News Indonesia: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-59453949
Burhanuddin, C. I., & Abdi, M. N. (2020). Ancaman Krisis Ekonomi Global dari Dampak Penyebaran Virus Corona (COVID-19). AkMen, 17, 90-98.
CNN Indonesia. (2021, Agustus 4). Jejak Pandemi Covid-19, dari Pasar hingga Mengepung Dunia. Retrieved from CNN Indonesia: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20210804100935-113-676183/jejak-pandemi-covid-19-dari-pasar-hingga-mengepung-dunia
CNN Indonesia. (2022, Januari 17). Omicron di Indonesia Naik Jadi 748, Transmisi Lokal 155 Kasus. Retrieved from CNN Indonesia.com: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220117114840-20-747498/omicron-di-indonesia-naik-jadi-748-transmisi-lokal-155-kasus
Farisa, F. C. (2022, Januari 14). Aturan Lengkap Pelaku Perjalanan yang Baru Tiba di Indonesia, Wajib Karantina 7 Hari. Retrieved from Kompas.com: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/01/14/14122061/aturan-lengkap-pelaku-perjalanan-yang-baru-tiba-di-indonesia-wajib-karantina?page=all
Fukuyama, F. (2013). What is Governance? Governance: an International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institution, 26, 347-368.
Glaw, L., & Wagner, H. (2016). The Middle-Income Trap: Definitions, Theories and Countries Concerned—A Literature Survey. Comparative Economic Studies, 58, 507–538.
Hanifa, N., & Wajuba, L. P. (2021). Peran dan Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 2, 9-19.
Hanoatubun, S. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. Education, Psychology and Counselling,, 2, 146-153.
Indraini, A. (2020, April 19). Duh! Nyaris 2 Juta Pekerja Dirumahkan dan Kena PHK Gegara Corona. Retrieved from Detik.com: https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-4982393/duh-nyaris-2-juta-pekerja-dirumahkan-dan-kena-phk-gegara-corona
Intan, N. (2021, Juli 8). Bank Dunia: Indonesia Turun Kelas Jadi Negara Menengah Bawah. Retrieved from Repulika.co.id: https://www.republika.co.id/berita/qvwdji368/bank-dunia-indonesia-turun-kelas-jadi-negara-menengah-bawah#:~:text=Bank%20Dunia%3A%20Indonesia%20Turun%20Kelas%20Jadi%20Negara%20Menengah%20Bawah,-Kamis%2008%20Jul&text=REPUBLIKA.CO.ID%2C%20JAKARTA,menjadi%20n
Iskandar, A., Taufiq, B., & Aqbar, K. (2020). Peran Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Saat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Sosial Budaya Syar’I, 7, 625-638.
Jannah, S. M. (2022, Januari 17). Saat Ekonomi Indonesia 2022 di Bawah Bayang-Bayang Varian Omicron. Retrieved from Tirto.id: https://tirto.id/saat-ekonomi-indonesia-2022-di-bawah-bayang-bayang-varian-omicron-gnEm
Kemenkeu RI. (2021). Merekam Pandemi Covid-19 dan Memahami Kerja Keras Pengawal APBN. Jakarta: Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia.
Kemenkeu.go.id. (2021, Agustus 8). Ini Strategi Hindari Middle Income Trap di Buku Indonesia 2045. Retrieved from Kemenkeu.go.id: https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/berita/ini-strategi-hindari-middle-income-trap-di-buku-indonesia-2045/
Kemenkopmk.go.id. (2021, Agustus 6). Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 perlu Sinergi dan Gotong Royong Semua Pihak. Retrieved from Kemenkopmk.go.id: https://www.kemenkopmk.go.id/penanganan-pandemi-covid-19-perlu-sinergi-dan-gotong-royong-semua-pihak
Kemkes.go.id. (2022, Januari 18). Vaksinasi COVID-19 Nasional. Retrieved from Kemkes.go.id: https://vaksin.kemkes.go.id/#/vaccines
Kemlu.go.id. (2020, Agustus 26). Travel Corridor Arrangement. Retrieved from Kemlu.go.id: https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/list/halaman_list_lainnya/132/travel_corridor_arrangement
Kurniawansyah, H., Amrullah, Salahuddin, M., Muslim, & Nurrhidayati, S. (2020). Konsep Kebijakan Strategis Dalam Menangani Eksternalitas Ekonomi dari Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat Rentan di Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1, 130-139.
Lesmana, A. S. (2021, Februari 3). Walhi: Pemerintah Indonesia Gagal Atasi Pandemi Corona! Retrieved from Suara.com: https://www.suara.com/news/2021/02/03/154814/walhi-pemerintah-indonesia-gagal-atasi-pandemi-corona
Masita, H. (2019, Maret 24). Permasalahan Good Governance Di Indonesia Yang Banyak Terjadi. Retrieved from Guru PPKN.com: https://guruppkn.com/permasalahan-good-governance-di-indonesia
Merdeka.com. (2020, Desember 20). Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Diprediksi Minus 2,5 Persen di 2020. Retrieved from Merdeka.com: https://www.merdeka.com/uang/pertumbuhan-ekonomi-indonesia-diprediksi-minus-25-persen-di-2020.html
Nasution, D. A., Erlina, & Muda, I. (2020). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. Benefita, 5, 212-224.
Nordiansyah, E. (2022, Januari 5). Dampak Omicron ke Ekonomi RI Masih Minim, Pemerintah Diminta Tetap Waspada. Retrieved from Medcom.id: https://www.medcom.id/ekonomi/makro/akW9ZwMN-dampak-omicron-ke-ekonomi-ri-masih-minim-pemerintah-diminta-tetap-waspada
Rosana, F. C. (2021, Desember 27). Target Wisatawan Asing 2022 Hanya 1,8 Juta, Sandiaga: Fokus Wisatawan Nusantara. Retrieved from Tempo.co: https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1543806/target-wisatawan-asing-2022-hanya-18-juta-sandiaga-fokus-wisatawan-nusantara/full&view=ok
Satria. (2022, Januari 3). Omicron Datang, Apa yang Harus Dilakukan? Retrieved from Forum Berita Universitas Gajah Mada: https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/22143-omicron-datang-apa-yang-harus-dilakukan
Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19. (2022, Januari 15). Masa Karantina Pelaku Perjalanan Luar Negeri yang Masuk Indonesia Jadi 7 x 24 Jam. Retrieved from Covid19.go.id: https://covid19.go.id/artikel/2022/01/15/masa-karantina-pelaku-perjalanan-luar-negeri-yang-masuk-indonesia-jadi-7-x-24-jam
Whitworth, J. (2020). COVID-19 : A Fast Evolving Pandemic. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 114, 227-228.
WHO. (2020). COVID-19 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) Global research and innovation forum. Geneva: WHO.
WHO. (2020, Maret 11). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. Retrieved from WHO.int: Balabanova, D., Lesong, C., & McKee, M. (2011). The Contribution of Health Systems to Good Health. In D. Balabanova, A. Milss, & M. McKee, 'Good Health at Low Cost' 25 Years on What makes a sucessful health system? (pp. 269-306). London: The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
BBC. (2021, November 29). Apa itu Omicron : Hal-Hal yang Sejauh Ini Perlu Diketahui Tentang Varian Baru Virus Corona. Retrieved from BBC News Indonesia: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-59453949
Burhanuddin, C. I., & Abdi, M. N. (2020). Ancaman Krisis Ekonomi Global dari Dampak Penyebaran Virus Corona (COVID-19). AkMen, 17, 90-98.
CNN Indonesia. (2021, Agustus 4). Jejak Pandemi Covid-19, dari Pasar hingga Mengepung Dunia. Retrieved from CNN Indonesia: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20210804100935-113-676183/jejak-pandemi-covid-19-dari-pasar-hingga-mengepung-dunia
CNN Indonesia. (2022, Januari 17). Omicron di Indonesia Naik Jadi 748, Transmisi Lokal 155 Kasus. Retrieved from CNN Indonesia.com: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220117114840-20-747498/omicron-di-indonesia-naik-jadi-748-transmisi-lokal-155-kasus
Farisa, F. C. (2022, Januari 14). Aturan Lengkap Pelaku Perjalanan yang Baru Tiba di Indonesia, Wajib Karantina 7 Hari. Retrieved from Kompas.com: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/01/14/14122061/aturan-lengkap-pelaku-perjalanan-yang-baru-tiba-di-indonesia-wajib-karantina?page=all
Fukuyama, F. (2013). What is Governance? Governance: an International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institution, 26, 347-368.
Glaw, L., & Wagner, H. (2016). The Middle-Income Trap: Definitions, Theories and Countries Concerned—A Literature Survey. Comparative Economic Studies, 58, 507–538.
Hanifa, N., & Wajuba, L. P. (2021). Peran dan Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 2, 9-19.
Hanoatubun, S. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. Education, Psychology and Counselling,, 2, 146-153.
Indraini, A. (2020, April 19). Duh! Nyaris 2 Juta Pekerja Dirumahkan dan Kena PHK Gegara Corona. Retrieved from Detik.com: https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-4982393/duh-nyaris-2-juta-pekerja-dirumahkan-dan-kena-phk-gegara-corona
Intan, N. (2021, Juli 8). Bank Dunia: Indonesia Turun Kelas Jadi Negara Menengah Bawah. Retrieved from Repulika.co.id: https://www.republika.co.id/berita/qvwdji368/bank-dunia-indonesia-turun-kelas-jadi-negara-menengah-bawah#:~:text=Bank%20Dunia%3A%20Indonesia%20Turun%20Kelas%20Jadi%20Negara%20Menengah%20Bawah,-Kamis%2008%20Jul&text=REPUBLIKA.CO.ID%2C%20JAKARTA,menjadi%20n
Iskandar, A., Taufiq, B., & Aqbar, K. (2020). Peran Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Saat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Sosial Budaya Syar’I, 7, 625-638.
Jannah, S. M. (2022, Januari 17). Saat Ekonomi Indonesia 2022 di Bawah Bayang-Bayang Varian Omicron. Retrieved from Tirto.id: https://tirto.id/saat-ekonomi-indonesia-2022-di-bawah-bayang-bayang-varian-omicron-gnEm
Kemenkeu RI. (2021). Merekam Pandemi Covid-19 dan Memahami Kerja Keras Pengawal APBN. Jakarta: Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia.
Kemenkeu.go.id. (2021, Agustus 8). Ini Strategi Hindari Middle Income Trap di Buku Indonesia 2045. Retrieved from Kemenkeu.go.id: https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/berita/ini-strategi-hindari-middle-income-trap-di-buku-indonesia-2045/
Kemenkopmk.go.id. (2021, Agustus 6). Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 perlu Sinergi dan Gotong Royong Semua Pihak. Retrieved from Kemenkopmk.go.id: https://www.kemenkopmk.go.id/penanganan-pandemi-covid-19-perlu-sinergi-dan-gotong-royong-semua-pihak
Kemkes.go.id. (2022, Januari 18). Vaksinasi COVID-19 Nasional. Retrieved from Kemkes.go.id: https://vaksin.kemkes.go.id/#/vaccines
Kemlu.go.id. (2020, Agustus 26). Travel Corridor Arrangement. Retrieved from Kemlu.go.id: https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/list/halaman_list_lainnya/132/travel_corridor_arrangement
Kurniawansyah, H., Amrullah, Salahuddin, M., Muslim, & Nurrhidayati, S. (2020). Konsep Kebijakan Strategis Dalam Menangani Eksternalitas Ekonomi dari Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat Rentan di Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1, 130-139.
Lesmana, A. S. (2021, Februari 3). Walhi: Pemerintah Indonesia Gagal Atasi Pandemi Corona! Retrieved from Suara.com: https://www.suara.com/news/2021/02/03/154814/walhi-pemerintah-indonesia-gagal-atasi-pandemi-corona
Masita, H. (2019, Maret 24). Permasalahan Good Governance Di Indonesia Yang Banyak Terjadi. Retrieved from Guru PPKN.com: https://guruppkn.com/permasalahan-good-governance-di-indonesia
Merdeka.com. (2020, Desember 20). Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Diprediksi Minus 2,5 Persen di 2020. Retrieved from Merdeka.com: https://www.merdeka.com/uang/pertumbuhan-ekonomi-indonesia-diprediksi-minus-25-persen-di-2020.html
Nasution, D. A., Erlina, & Muda, I. (2020). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. Benefita, 5, 212-224.
Nordiansyah, E. (2022, Januari 5). Dampak Omicron ke Ekonomi RI Masih Minim, Pemerintah Diminta Tetap Waspada. Retrieved from Medcom.id: https://www.medcom.id/ekonomi/makro/akW9ZwMN-dampak-omicron-ke-ekonomi-ri-masih-minim-pemerintah-diminta-tetap-waspada
Rosana, F. C. (2021, Desember 27). Target Wisatawan Asing 2022 Hanya 1,8 Juta, Sandiaga: Fokus Wisatawan Nusantara. Retrieved from Tempo.co: https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1543806/target-wisatawan-asing-2022-hanya-18-juta-sandiaga-fokus-wisatawan-nusantara/full&view=ok
Satria. (2022, Januari 3). Omicron Datang, Apa yang Harus Dilakukan? Retrieved from Forum Berita Universitas Gajah Mada: https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/22143-omicron-datang-apa-yang-harus-dilakukan
Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19. (2022, Januari 15). Masa Karantina Pelaku Perjalanan Luar Negeri yang Masuk Indonesia Jadi 7 x 24 Jam. Retrieved from Covid19.go.id: https://covid19.go.id/artikel/2022/01/15/masa-karantina-pelaku-perjalanan-luar-negeri-yang-masuk-indonesia-jadi-7-x-24-jam
Whitworth, J. (2020). COVID-19 : A Fast Evolving Pandemic. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 114, 227-228.
WHO. (2020). COVID-19 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) Global research and innovation forum. Geneva: WHO.
WHO. (2020, Maret 11). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. Retrieved from WHO.int: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
WHO. (2021, Juli 5). Delta variant. Retrieved from WHO.int: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/media-resources/science-in-5/episode-45---delta-variant?gclid=CjwKCAiA0KmPBhBqEiwAJqKK4zMZ2_F_X77aXn6lgqsh2uaHM3gsLElrFS5XGLw2djo_VeqL0SHLrhoCQswQAvD_BwE
Worldbank.org. (2021, Desember 16). Perekonomian Indonesia Mengalami Pertumbuhan di Tahun 2021 di Tengah COVID-19, Akan Berkembang pada Tahun 2022, Menurut Laporan Bank Dunia. Retrieved from Worldbank.org: https://www.worldbank.org/in/news/press-release/2021/12/16/indonesia-economy-grew-in-2021-despite-covid-19-will-accelerate-in-2022-world-bank-report-says
Worldbank.org. (2022, Januari 1). The World Bank Group’s Response to the COVID-19 (coronavirus) Pandemic. Retrieved from Worldbank.org: https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/news/coronavirus-covid19
Yamali, F. R., & Noviyanti, R. P. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Ekonomi Indonesia. Journal of Economics and Bussiness, 4, 384-388.
Zulkipli, & Muharir. (2021). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. JIMESHA : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Syariah, 1, 7-12.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Jurnal Academia Praja, Department of Master of Governmental Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani as publisher of the journal.
Copyright encompasses rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms, and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations.
Jurnal Academia Praja, Department of Master of Governmental Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani and the Editors make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in Jurnal Academia Praja are the sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors