NATION BRANDING AMERIKA SERIKAT MELALUI KARAKTER CAPTAIN AMERICA DALAM SERIES MARVEL
Keywords:
Nation branding, Diplomasi Publik, Amerika Serikat, Film
Abstract
Nation branding merupakan strategi penting dalam membangun citra suatu negara di mata dunia. Amerika Serikat telah memanfaatkan industri hiburan, khususnya film, sebagai sarana untuk memperkuat citra nasionalnya. Salah satu strategi yang digunakan adalah melalui karakter Captain America dalam serial Marvel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana karakter Captain America berperan dalam membangun nation branding Amerika Serikat. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivisme, konsep diplomasi publik, dan nation branding, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa karakter Captain America tidak hanya merepresentasikan nilai-nilai Amerika tetapi juga menjadi alat Nation branding yang efektif untuk mempromosikan kepentingan nasional AS di tingkat global terutama Indonesia.
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Anholt, S “Beyond the Nation Brand: The Role of Image and Identity in Internasional Relations,” Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy: Vol.2 (2011): Iss. 1, Article 1.
Anggara, Denny V. AMERIKA SERIKAT. www.academia.edu, https://www.academia.edu/12313222/AMERIKA_SERIKAT
Acharya Avidit, Matthew, DKK. The Political Legacy of American Slavery. the Southern Political Science Association. No.3 Vol.78. (2016).
Amerika Serikat - Pengeluaran Militer | 1949-2023 Data | 2024-2025 Perkiraan. https://id.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/military-expenditure.
America’s soft power : the cultural influenced of the united states” Allegiance Flag Supply, 23 April 2023, https://www.showallegiance.com/blogs/american-flag/americas-soft-
power-the-cultural-influence-of-the-united-states
Beauchamp, Zack. “‘Civil War’ Has Little to Say about America — but a Lot to Say about War.” Vox, 12 April 2024, https://www.vox.com/politics/24127680/civil-war-review-alex-garland- polarization-violence.
Cantril, Hadley (September 1940). "America Faces the War: A Study in Public Opinion". The Public Opinion Quarterly. 4 (3): 390.
Caraka Wahyu Erwindo, “Efektifitas Diplomasi Budaya Dalam Penyebaran Anime Dan Manga Sebagai Nation branding Jepang”. Universitas Airlangga Repository. Vol. 7 No. 2, 2019: 66-78
Chapter 3 | U.S. Defense Policy and Strategy.” National Defense University Press, https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Publications/Books/charting-a- course/article/1026966/chapter-3-us-defense-policy-and- strategy/https%3A%2F%2Fndupress.ndu.edu%2FMedia%2FNews%2FNew s-Article-View%2FArticle%2F1026966%2Fchapter-3-us-defense-policy-
and-strategy%2F.
De Gouveia, P.F. (2006) The Future ogf Public Diplomacy. In:J. Noya (ed). The Present and Future of Public Diplomacy: A European Perspective, Madrid: Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy 2006)
Dinnie, Keith. Nations Branding : Concepts, Issues, Practice. Butterworth- Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier. 2008.
Fuller, Steve. “Topic: Movie Industry.” www.statista.com. https://www.statista.com/topics/964/ film/. Accessed November 17, 2019.
Fajar muhsyi. “Sistem Pemerintahan Amerika : Beserta Struktur, Tugas dan Fungsinya.” Manjakan.com, 11 Agustus 2024, https://manjakan.com/sistem-pemerintahan-amerika/.
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amerika-penyebab-kronologi-dan-dampaknya
Hakuto Adijoyo, “Diplomasi Budaya Melalui Film Dan Komik Captain America Dalam Menaikan Citra Amerika Serikat Sebagai Negara Adidaya Di Dunia”. Jurnal Studi Diplomasi Dan Keamanan. Vol. 10 No.2, 2018: 60-80
HYDRA (Marvel).” Villains Wiki, https://villains.fandom.com/wiki/HYDRA_(Marvel).
Iva Rachmawati (2019). Film Sebagai Diplomasi Budaya. Jurnal Studi Diplomasi Keamanan, UPN Jakarta, Vol. 11 No. 1.
Iva Rachmawati, “Film Sebagai Diplomasi Budaya”. Jurnal Studi Diplomasi dan Keamanan. Vol. 11 No. 1, 2019: 19-31
Irwansyah, “Menginisiasi Nation branding Indonesia Menuju Daya Saing Bangsa”. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, Vol.11,No. 1 Januari-April 2013, 80-91.
Irvan. “Simak Kostum Baru Captain America di Film Keempatnya!” Greenscene,
5 Juli 2024, https://www.greenscene.co.id/2024/07/05/simak-kostum- baru-captain-america-di-film-keempatnya/.
John Lewis Gaddis, “Grand Strategies in the Cold War,” The Cambridge History of the Cold War, 2010, pp. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521837200.002, p.54)
John W. Creswell, Research Design: Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, dan Campuran. Terjemahan oleh Achmad Fawaid. (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar, 2016). Hal 248
Kusumawardani, Agustin, Seulina, Trijayanto, Wahyudi. “Pengenalan Literasi Budaya Dan Pencegahan Konflik Di Indonesia”. Vol. 02 No. 01 Tahun 2023. Hal 45
Lee, J. A. dan J.J. Kacen. (2008). Cultural Influences On Consumer Satisfaction With Impulse And Planned Purchase Decisions. Journal of Business Research, 61, 265-272
L Cesalkova (2015). Film as Diplomat: The Politics of Postwar Screenings at Czechoslovak Foreign Embassies. Film History, 27(1), 85-110. doi:10.2979/filmhistory.27.1.85
Lapid, Yosef, and Friedrich Kratochwil. “Revisiting the “National””: Toward and Identity Agenda in Neorealism.” The return of culture and identity in IR theory (1966): 15-26.
Lexy J. Moleong, “Metode Penelitian Kualiitatif”, Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarua, 2007, p. 6.
Lisa, M Beudreau. Bodies of War : World War I and The Politics of Commemoration in America, 1919-1933. NYU Press (2010).
Later, Naja. “How Captain America: Civil War Echoes Our Political Anxieties.” The Conversation, 28 April 2016, http://theconversation.com/how-captain-america-civil-war-echoes-our-
political-anxieties-58572.
Mark Leonard, Catherine Stead, Conrad Smewinf. “PublicDiplomacy”.
London:Foreign Policy Centre, (2002)8.
Meyer, GJ. The World Remade America In World War I. Random House Publishing Group. (2017)
Nicolaus Mills, “A Marshall Plan for the Middle East,” World Policy Journal
Overy, Richard (1999). The Road to War (Revised and updated edition). London: Penguin. hlm. 328– 330. ISBN 0-14-028530-X.
Overview Perkembangan Ekonomi Internasional. Pemantauan Ekonomi Internasional – Februari 2012, Badan Kebijakan Fiskal, https://fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/files/berita-
kajian/file/Jurnal_M2_Pemantauan_Internasional_Februari.pdf.
Robert Demaris, Al Ries, and Jack Trout, “Positioning: The Battle for Your Mind,” Journal of Marketing 56, no. 1 (1992): p. 122, https://doi.org/10.2307/1252139).
Risna Halidi “Pernah Dijajah Inggris, Ini Sejarah Panjang Revolusi Amerika hingga Merdeka.” suara.com (2021), https://www.suara.com/lifestyle/2021/10/07/122848/pernah-dijajah- inggris-ini-sejarah-panjang-revolusi-amerika-hingga-merdeka.
Ramadhan, Binnar Kurnia. “Kenapa Captain America Menjadi Pemimpin Avengers?” IDN Times,
https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/binnar-kurnia- ramadhan/kenapa-captain-america-menjadi-pemimpin-avengers-c1c2.
Sun, Q. (2009). An Analytical Model of The Determinants and Outcomes of Nation branding. Dissertation for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of North Texas.
Sarah Pruitt, “The Lumière Brothers, Pioneers of Cinema,” History.com (A&E Television Networks, October 3, 2014), https://www.history.com/news/the- lumiere-brothers-pioneers-of-cinema).
Sofia Trisni, “Diplomasi Publik: Bagaimana posisinya bagi Indonesia?”.
Frequency of Internasional relations, 2020.
Setiawati, Susi. “10 Produsen Minyak Terbesar di Dunia: Persaingan AS, Rusia & Iran.” CNBC Indonesia, https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/research/20241009085819-128- 578103/10-produsen-minyak-terbesar-di-dunia-persaingan-as-rusia-iran
Sophiana , Brenyka Ayu. “Analisis Kebijakan Kepemilikan Senjata di Amerika Serikat Berdasarkan Perspektif Liberalisme.” Airlangga University, Juli 2022,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361890973_Analisis_Kebijakan
_Kepemilikan_Senjata_di_Amerika_Serikat_Berdasarkan_Perspektif_Liberal isme.
Steve Rogers. Marvel Cinematic Universe Wiki, https://marvelcinematicuniverse.fandom.com/wiki/Steve_Rogers.
Warren F. Kimball, The Most Unsordid Act: Lend-Lease, 1939-1941 (Johns Hopkins UnivPr, 1969) ch 1.
Wahjuwibowo, I. S. (2018). Semiotika Komunikasi : Aplikasi Praktis bagi Penelitian dan Skripsi Komunikasi (3rd ed.). Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media.
Wendt, Alexander. “Anarchy is what states make of it: the social construction of power politics. “Internasional organization 46.2 (1992): 391-425.
Published
2025-06-30
How to Cite
Nur Khofifa, R., Ginanjar, Y., & Benarrivo, R. (2025). NATION BRANDING AMERIKA SERIKAT MELALUI KARAKTER CAPTAIN AMERICA DALAM SERIES MARVEL, 1(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/gij.v1i3.3289
Section
Articles
