PENYEBARAN SISTEM PERTAHANAN AMERIKA SERIKAT: TINJAUAN MELALUI PERSPECTIVE RATIONAL-CHOICE
Abstract
This study examines the deployment strategy of United States defense systems to allied nations through the lens of rational-choice theory. Employing rational actor theory framework and non-offensive defense concepts, this research analyzes US foreign policy in distributing defensive weapons systems across European, Asian, and Middle Eastern regions. The analysis reveals that the US implements this policy based on cost-benefit calculations encompassing military, economic, and political interests. Findings indicate that defense system deployment is driven by counter-terrorism objectives, economic interest protection, and maintenance of global political influence. Allied nations accept this cooperation due to shared security interests and the necessity for advanced defense capabilities against regional threats. This policy reflects rational decision-making where perceived benefits outweigh potential costs for all involved parties. The study demonstrates how mutuality of interests, shadow of future considerations, and the number of actors involved shape cooperative security arrangements in contemporary international relations.
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Markwica, R. (2022). Germany's Zeitenwende: From Civilian Power to a New Strategic Culture? German Politics, 31(4), 598-616.
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Mesquita, B. B. (2016). Principles of International Politics. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
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NATO. (2022). NATO Ballistic Missile Defence. Brussels: NATO Public Diplomacy Division.
Nereim, V., Martin, M., & Carey, G. (2019, September 16). Saudi Aramco Attacks Show Vulnerability at Heart of Global Oil. Retrieved from Bloomberg.
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Wilkening, D. A. (2019). Hypersonic Weapons and Strategic Stability. Survival, 61(5), 129-148.
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Williams, I. (2021, September 22). NATO Missile Defense: Progress and Challenges in Poland. Retrieved from Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Wirtz, J. J. (2014). How Does Nuclear Deterrence Differ from Conventional Deterrence? Strategic Studies Quarterly, 8(4), 58-75.
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Barzegar, K. (2020). Iran's Ballistic Missile Program: A Critical Assessment. Middle East Policy, 27(1), 68-84.
Berteau, D., & Hofbauer, S. (2019). Defense Industrial Strategy and Policy. In T. G. Mahnken (Ed.), Competitive Strategies for the 21st Century (pp. 145-162). Stanford University Press.
Bordoff, J., & O'Sullivan, M. (2022). The Age of Energy Insecurity: How the Fight for Resources Is Upending Geopolitics. Foreign Affairs, 101(3), 104-118.
Boulegue, M. (2018). Russia's S-400 Surface-to-Air Missile System: Arms Exports as Political and Economic Leverage. Institut Français des Relations Internationales.
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Bugos, S. (2019). INF Treaty Demise Fuels New Arms Competition. Arms Control Today, 49( 8), 3-5.
Buzan, B., & Hansen, L. (2009). The Evolution of International Security Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cancian, M. F. (2019). U.S. Military Forces in FY 2020: The Strategic and Budget Context. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Choi, J. K. (2019). Korea's Evolving Missile Defense System and Its Strategic Implications. Asian Politics & Policy, 11(4), 583-601.
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Cordesman, A. H. (2019). The Missile Defense Arms Race in the Gulf. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Cordesman, A. H., & Molot, A. (2019). Israel's Integrated Air and Missile Defense: The Role of U.S. Aid and Cooperation. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Dalsjö, R., Berglund, C., & Jonsson, M. (2019). Bursting the Bubble: Russian A2/AD in the Baltic Sea Region. Stockholm: Swedish Defence Research Agency.
Deni, J. R. (2022). NATO's New Force Model: Implications for the Alliance and Its Members. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 16(3), 28-47.
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Department of Defense. (2019). 2019 Missile Defense Review. Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of Defense.
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Frear, T., Kulesa, L., & Raynova, D. (2018). Russia and NATO: How to Overcome Deterrence Instability? London: European Leadership Network.
Gettinger, D. (2017). Qatar to Purchase THAAD Missile Defense System. Center for the Study of the Drone.
Glaser, C. L. (2010). Rational Theory of International Politics: The Logic of Competition and Cooperation. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Glaser, C. L. (2016). Should the United States Reject MAD? Damage Limitation and U.S. Nuclear Strategy toward China. International Security, 41(1), 49-98.
Hagel, C. (2004). A Republican Foreign Policy. Foreign Policy, 83(4), 64-76.
Harrison, T., & Cohen, J. (2021). Analysis of the FY 2021 Defense Budget. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Hughes, C. W. (2021). Japan's Strategic Trajectory and Military Balancing: Critical Junctures and Policy Continuities. Journal of Strategic Studies, 44(4), 552-580.
Juneau, T. (2021). The Limits of the Abraham Accords: Challenges for Arab-Israeli Security Cooperation. Middle East Policy, 28(2), 45-60.
Kania, E. B., & Costello, J. (2021). Seizing the Commanding Heights: The PLA Strategic Support Force in Chinese Military Power. Journal of Strategic Studies, 44(2), 218-264.
Karako, T., & Rumbaugh, W. ( 2020). Missile Defense and Defeat Through 2035. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Karako, T., Williams, I., & Rumbaugh, W. (2017). Missile Defense 2020: Next Steps for Defending the Homeland. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Kier, E. (2019). The Limits of Arms Control in a Changing World. Survival, 61(6), 153-170.
Kim, J. (2017). THAAD in South Korea: The Dragon's Objections. Journal of East Asian Studies, 17(1), 1-22.
Kim, J., & Kim, S. (2018). Why Did the Park Geun-hye Government Decide to Deploy THAAD? Analyzing South Korea's Decision-Making Process. Asian Survey, 58(5), 967-989.
Kim, S. (2023). North Korea's 2022 Weapons Tests: Implications for Regional Security. Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 35( 1), 1-20.
Knights, M., & Nadimi, F. (2020). Setting Sights on Houthi Drones and Missiles. Washington, DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
Kristensen, H. M., & Korda, M. (2021). Russian Nuclear Weapons, 2021. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 77( 2), 90-108.
Kroenig, M. (2015). Facing Reality: Getting NATO Ready for a New Cold War. Survival, 57(1), 49-70.
Kulesa, L. (2018). The Future of NATO's Deterrence and Defence Posture: An Independent Assessment for the NATO Defence Planning Committee. London: European Leadership Network.
Lentz, M., & Williams, I. (2023). European Air Defense After Ukraine: Requirements, Capabilities, and Industrial Capacity. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Lewis, G., & Postol, T. (2016). A Flawed and Dangerous U.S. Missile Defense Plan. Arms Control Today, 46(4), 6-13.
Lieber, K. A., & Press, D. G. (2017). The New Era of Counterforce: Technological Change and the Future of Nuclear Deterrence. International Security, 41(4), 9-49.
Markwica, R. (2022). Germany's Zeitenwende: From Civilian Power to a New Strategic Culture? German Politics, 31(4), 598-616.
McGlade, C. (2020). The Geopolitics of Energy Supply Security in the Middle East. Energy Policy, 147.
Mesquita, B. B. (2016). Principles of International Politics. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
Moller, B. (1997). The Post Cold War (Ir) Relevance of Non-Offensive Defence. Centre for Peace and Conflict Research.
NATO. (2016, May 12). Aegis Ashore Romania Becomes Operational. Retrieved from NATO Public Diplomacy Division.
NATO. (2022). NATO Ballistic Missile Defence. Brussels: NATO Public Diplomacy Division.
Nereim, V., Martin, M., & Carey, G. (2019, September 16). Saudi Aramco Attacks Show Vulnerability at Heart of Global Oil. Retrieved from Bloomberg.
Ochmanek, D. (2021). Sustaining U.S. Leadership in the Asia-Pacific Region. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.
Oye, K. A. (1985). Explaining Cooperation Under Anarchy: Hypotheses and Strategies. World Politics, 38( 1), 1-24. doi:10.2307/2010349
Panda, A. (2020, November 24). Japan, South Korea, and the United States Trilateral Intelligence-Sharing Pact: Why Now and What Next? Retrieved from The Diplomat.
Panda, A. (2022, March 25). North Korea's Hwasong-17: What We Know About the New ICBM. Retrieved from The Diplomat.
Patalano, A., & Giarra, P. S. (2019). Renewing the U.S.-Japan Alliance for the 21st Century. Naval War College Review, 72(2), 11-36.
Pauly, R. J. (2018). Would U.S. Allies and Partners Prefer an Alternative to U.S. Extended Deterrence? The State of the Debate and Directions for Future Research. Contemporary Security Policy, 39(4), 571-596.
Pauly, R. J. (2018). Would U.S. Allies and Partners Prefer an Alternative to U.S. Extended Deterrence? The State of the Debate and Directions for Future Research. Contemporary Security Policy, 39(4), 571-596.
Payne, K. (2020). Deterrence in the Second Nuclear Age. Journal of Strategic Studies, 43(6-7), 797-816.
Reif, K., & Bugos, S. (2021). Pentagon Advances Next-Generation Interceptor. Arms Control Today, 51(6), 25-26.
Rief, K. (2015, April). Missile Defense Cost Rises Amid Concerns. Arms Control Today, 45, 30.
Rubin, U. (2017). The Evolution of Israel's Multi-Tier Missile Defense System. Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies.
Saalman, L. (2021). The Impact of US Missile Defense on Russia and China. Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
Speier, R. H. (2016). U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense and Arms Control: Where Do We Go from Here? Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.
Stangarone, T. (2019). The Cost to South Korea of Aligning with the United States Against China. Asia Policy, 14(1), 43-58.
Stangarone, T. (2019). The Cost to South Korea of Aligning with the United States Against China. Asia Policy, 14(1), 43-58.
Szucs, A. (2021). NATO Missile Defense and Extended Deterrence in Europe. Contemporary Security Policy, 42(1), 64-89.
Tatsumi, Y. (2020). Japan's Decision on Aegis Ashore: Implications for U.S.-Japan Alliance. Washington, DC: The Stimson Center.
Terlikowski, M. (2019). European Missile Defense: A Decade of Achievements and Challenges Ahead. The Polish Institute of International Affairs.
Tian, N., Kuimova, A., da Silva, D. L., Wezeman, P. D., & Wezeman, S. T. (2021). Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2020. Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
Watling, J. (2020). The Future of Fires: Maximising the UK's Tactical and Operational Firepower. London: Royal United Services Institute.
Wilkening, D. A. (2019). Hypersonic Weapons and Strategic Stability. Survival, 61(5), 129-148.
Williams, I. (2020, March 13). The Evolution of U.S. Missile Defense Policy. Retrieved from Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Williams, I. (2021, September 22). NATO Missile Defense: Progress and Challenges in Poland. Retrieved from Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Wirtz, J. J. (2014). How Does Nuclear Deterrence Differ from Conventional Deterrence? Strategic Studies Quarterly, 8(4), 58-75.
Yergin, D. (2020). The New Map: Energy, Climate, and the Clash of Nations. New York: Penguin Press.
Zanotti, J. (2020). Israel: Background and U.S. Relations in Brief. Congressional Research Service.
Zhao, T. (2018). Conventional Challenges to Strategic Stability: Chinese Perceptions and Responses. In The China-Russia-U.S. Strategic Triangle: Perceptions and Perspectives (pp. 45-66). Stockholm: SIPRI.
Published
2025-12-30
How to Cite
Darussalam, M. F., & Amra, M. F. (2025). PENYEBARAN SISTEM PERTAHANAN AMERIKA SERIKAT: TINJAUAN MELALUI PERSPECTIVE RATIONAL-CHOICE. Dinamika Global : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 10(2), 269-304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v10i2.4865
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Articles
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