KETERLIBATAN INDONESIA DENGAN BRICS: ANTARA KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI YANG BEBAS DAN AKTIF SERTA KETERLIBATAN STRATEGIS YANG TERBATAS
Abstract
This study aims to analyze Indonesia’s national interests in its post-2025 membership in BRICS by employing the national interest framework, particularly classical realism. BRICS has evolved into a strategic alliance of emerging economies that exerts significant influence in the multipolar world order. However, to date, there has been no specific study examining Indonesia’s position after formally joining BRICS, either from the perspective of foreign policy or national interest. Drawing on a literature-based method, this research reviews 85 Scopus-indexed journal articles (2020–2025), international media reports, and official government documents. The findings demonstrate that Indonesia’s membership in BRICS reflects a rational effort to pursue vital and strategic interests, such as securing alternative financing through the BRICS New Development Bank (NDB), enhancing diplomatic influence in the Global South, and diversifying external partnerships. Within the framework of the “free and active” foreign policy.
References
Anwar, D. F. (1994). Indonesian’s Foreign Policy After the Cold War. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/9789812306845-011
Arbar, T. F. (2025). Menlu Sugiono Buka-bukaan Alasan Sebenarnya RI Gabung BRICS. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20250110112840-4-602211/menlu-sugiono-buka-bukaan-alasan-sebenarnya-ri-gabung-brics
Azzqy, A., & Awal, S. (2023). ANSWERING THE FORMATION OF AUKUS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION USING INDONESIAN FREE AND ACTIVE PRINCIPLES. Dinamika Global : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 8(2), 251-266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v8i2.1890
Balitbang. (2025). Indonesia Bergabung dengn BRICS, Apa Manfaat serta Kerugiannya, dan Bagaimana Strategi Pelaksanaannya. Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia. https://www.kemhan.go.id/balitbang/2025/02/04/indonesia-bergabung-dengan-brics-apa-manfaat-serta-kerugiannya-dan-bagaimana-strategi-pelaksanaannya.html
BBC News. (2024). Mengapa Indonesia ingin bergabung dengan BRICS – Barisan negara yang ‘tidak puas’ dengan status quo? https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c4gpp3ke280o
Gehre, T. (2020). The history of BRICS’ International Relations (2009-2019): discourses, innovation and senstitivities. Conjuntura Austral, 11(53), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.22456/2178-8839.97954
Hans J. Morgenthau, & Alfred A. Knopf. (1948). Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. https://dacemirror.sci-hub.se/journal-article/0ccaa260082dd5a9c0bc99672aba015f/padelford1949.pdf#navpanes=0&view=FitH
Holsti, K. J. (1974). National role conceptions in the study of foreign policy. International Studies Quarterly, 14(3), 241.
Khakim, A., & Zubaidi, M. (2024). The Indonesian Government’s Plan to Join BRICS Under the Leadership of Prabowo Subianto.
Laksmana, E. A. (2025). Is Indonesia Sleepwalking into Strategic Alignment with China? Survival, 67(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2025.2459017
Lau, J. M. (2024). Indonesia’s security relationship with the European Union: Prospects and possibilities for growth. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4453-4_9
Lee, B. T. F., Sims, J. P., & Lee, Y. T. (2025). BRICS Expansion: Threat or Opportunity for ASEAN? India Quarterly, 81(2), 130–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/09749284251328226
Maulana, M., Tonggo, C., & Darodjat, R. (2024). LEGAL PERSONALITY OF BRICS AND IMPLICATION TOWARD INDONESIA’S FOREIGN TRADE POLICY AFTER JOINING AS NEW MEMBER. Transnational Business Law Journal, 5. https://doi.org/10.23920/transbuslj.v5i2.2152
Mbara, G. C., & Graham, S. (2024). Is BRICS Losing its Global Relevance? A Retrospective View of the 2023 Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa. African Renaissance, 21(3), 123–146. https://doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2024/21n3a6
Melya Putri, F., Panji, M., & Santoso, T. (2023). BRICS Diplomacy: Building Bridges for Global Cooperation.
Mursitama, T. N., Abdullah, I., Dewanto, A. P., & Hadi, S. (2013). The intertwining of domestic actors and interests: A case of Indonesia’s economic diplomacy toward ASEAN China free trade agreement. International Business Management, 7(4), 359–367. https://doi.org/10.3923/ibm.2013.359.367
Patrick, S. (2024, October 9). BRICS Expansion, the G20, and the Future of World Order. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/10/brics-summit-emerging-middle-powers-g7-g20?lang=en
Pugliese, G. (2024). The European Union and an “Indo-Pacific” Alignment. Asia-Pacific Review, 31(1), 17–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/13439006.2024.2334182
Reuters. (2025, May 25). China wants to work with Indonesia to tackle risks, challenges, Premier Li says. Reuters.Com. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-wants-work-with-indonesia-tackle-risks-challenges-premier-li-says-2025-05-25/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
RI, K. (2025, February 4). Indonesia Bergabung dengan BRICS, Apa manfaat Serta Kerugiannya dan Bagaimana Staretgi Pelaksanaanya. https://www.kemhan.go.id/balitbang/2025/02/04/indonesia-bergabung-dengan-brics-apa-manfaat-serta-kerugiannya-dan-bagaimana-strategi-pelaksanaannya.html
Rosenau, J. (2006). The Study of World Politics Volume 1: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges. Routledge.
Rosenau, J. N. (2006). Globilization and governance. The Study of World Politics: Volume 2: Globilization and Governance, 2, 1–260. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203087787
Rosyidin, M. (2023). Playing Identities, Preserving Interests: Balance of Identity and Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Dilemma Amid the China-US Rivalry. Asian Perspective, 47(2), 267–290. https://doi.org/10.1353/apr.2023.0014
Sadewa, D. P., & Hakiki, F. (n.d.). DINAMIKA KEBIJAKAN POLITIK LUAR NEGERI BEBAS AKTIF INDONESIA MELALUI GERAKAN NON-BLOK (GNB) FREE ACTIVE FOREIGN POLICY DYNAMICS OF INDONESIA THROUGH THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT (NAM).
Saha, R. (2025, December 11). Indonesian foreign policy is still free, more active. Lowyinsitute.Org. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/indonesian-foreign-policy-still-free-more-active?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Sazmand, B. (2024). Global south and brics: Why indonesia does not join brics? Countries Studies, 2(2), 331–351. https://doi.org/10.22059/jcountst.2024.371523.1103
Setiawan, A. (2025). Indonesia’s Joins BRICS: Balancing Economic Opportunities and Geopolitical Challenges in a Multipolar World. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i3
Subinarto, D. (2025, February 11). Tantangan Indonesia di BRICS. Balipost.Com. https://www.balipost.com/news/2025/02/11/441478/Tantangan-Indonesia-di-BRICS.html
Sumadinata, R. W. S. B. G. Y. Y. M. B. A. (2024). The Global Maritime Fulcrum and Its Repercussions on Indonesian Free and Active Foreign Policy (2014-2019). Insight Turkey, 26(2), 279–298. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2024262.14
Tjhin, C. S. (2012). Indonesia’s relations with China: Productive and pragmatic, but not yet a strategic partnership. China Report, 48(3), 303–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009445512462303
Vorotnikova, T. (2025). What Does it Seek in a Far Country? Factors of Latin American Contries’ Interest in BRICS. World Economy and International Relatins, 69(4), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2025-69-4-83-96
Wardah, F. (2025). Resmi Jadi Anggota BRICS, Menlu Sugiono: Indonesia Dipandang Sebagai Negara Penting. Voaindonesia.Com. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/resmi-jadi-anggota-brics-menlu-sugiono-indonesia-dipandang-sebagai-negara-penting/7933795.html
Wicaksana, I. G. W., & Yakti, P. D. (2025). Indonesia’s New Partial Multialignment Strategy: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/trn.2025.1
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Jurnal Dinamika Global, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani as publisher of the journal.
Copyright encompasses rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms, and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations.
Jurnal Dinamika Global, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani and the Editors make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in Jurnal Dinamika Global are the sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors
