HAMBATAN SISTER CITY KOTA SURAKARTA INDONESIA DENGAN KOTA ZHUHAI CHINA PASCA COVID-19
Keywords:
COVID-19, Surakarta, Zhuhai, Partnership, Sister City
Abstract
The Government of Zhuhai Municipality, China, sent a health aid grant to the Government of Surakarta Municipality, Indonesia, in 2021. The health aid grant was sent to help tackle the escalataion of COVID-19 cases in Surakarta. The renewed status of the Coronavirus outbreak into a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in 2020 requires a collective and also global response. The act of sending health grant was a further continuation of the Sister City partnership initiated in 2019. This article discussed the challenges of Surakarta and Zhuhai Sister City Partnership after COVID-19. The theory of Paradiplomacy and International Cooperation was applied in this article while performing the descriptive analysis benefitting the method of literature study to collect data. Results show that The Government of Surakarta Municipality faces some challenges in its role in the enforcement of Surakarta and Zhuhai Sister City Partnership.
References
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Clarke, N. (2011). Globalising care? Town twinning in Britain since 1945. Geoforum, 42(1), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.10.006
Dai, X., Snidal, D., & Sampson, M. (2010). International Cooperation Theory and International Institutions. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.93
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Djelantik, S. (2020). Kerjasama Global Menangani The “Great Lockdown”; Pendekatan Diplomasi Multijalur. https://www.rtmagazine.com/disorders-
Duchacek, Ivo. D. (1990). Perforated Sovereignties: Towards a Typology of new Actors in International Relations. In Hans. J. Michelmann & P. Soldatos (Eds.), Federalism and International Relations: The Role of Subnational Units (p. 1). Oxford University Press.
Dugis, V. (2016). Teori Hubungan Internasional; Perspektif-Perspektif Klasik. Cakra Studi Global Strategis (CSGS). www.csgsunair.org
Fitriani, E. (2019, March 19). Wali Kota Solo FX Hadi Rudyatmo Dijadwalkan Terima Kunjungan Delegasi Pemkot Jinjiang, Fujian. TRIBUNSOLO. https://solo.tribunnews.com/2019/03/19/wali-kota-solo-fx-hadi-rudyatmo-dijadwalkan-tenerima-kunjungan-delegasi-pemkot-jingjiang-fujian
Hadiwinata, B. S. . (2017). Studi dan teori hubungan internasional : arus utama, alternatif, dan reflektivis. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. https://theasrudiancenter.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/bob-sugeng-hadiwinata-studi-dan-teori-hubungan-internasional_-arus-utama-alternatif-dan-reflektivis-yayasan-obor-indonesia-2017-1.pdf
Hasymi, A. M., Adninda, G. B., Putri, M. A., & Ariani, D. S. (2024). ANALISIS IMPLIKASI KERJASAMA SISTER CITY YOGYAKARTA DAN GYEONGSANGBUK-DO DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KOTA TANGGUH MELALUI PROGRAM SAEMAUL UNDONG. Dinamika Global : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 9(2), 318-334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v9i2.3069
Herning Suryo, D., Si, M., & Giri, K. (2017). PELAKSANAAN DIPLOMASI DAN KERJASAMA LUAR NEGERI OLEH PEMERINTAH KOTA/KABUPATEN DI KARESIDENAN SURAKARTA Oleh. https://ejurnal.unisri.ac.id/index.php/rsfu/article/view/2002
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Jin, H., Lu, L., Liu, J., & Cui, M. (2020). Complex emergencies of COVID-19: management and experience in Zhuhai, China. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105961
Kuznetsov, Alexander. S. (2015). Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy. Routledge.
Lecours, A. (2008). Political Issues of Paradiplomacy: Lessons from the Developed World.
Martins Vaz, D., & Reis, L. (2017). FROM CITY-STATES TO GLOBAL CITIES: THE ROLE OF CITIES IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE. JANUS.NET, e-Journal of International Relations, 8(2), 13–28. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=413553386002
Mendes, M. V. I., & Figueira, A. R. (2017). Paradiplomacy and the international competitiveness of cities: The case of Rio de Janeiro. Revista Brasileira de Politica Internacional, 60(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201700103
Michelmann, H. J., & Soldatos, P. Y. (1990). FEDERALISM AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THE ROLE OF SUBNATIONAL UNITS CLARENDON PRESS • OXFORD. Oxford University Press.
Molefi, M., Tlhakanelo, J. T., Phologolo, T., Hamda, S. G., Masupe, T., Tsima, B., Setlhare, V., Mashalla, Y., & Wiebe, D. J. (2021). The Impact of China’s Lockdown Policy on the Incidence of COVID-19: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis. BioMed Research International, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9498029
Mugasejati, N. P., & Armawi, A. (2000). KETAHANAN NASIONAL DAN GLOBALISASI; SEBUAH AGENDA RISET. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 43–60. https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jkn/article/view/11739
Oman, C. (1996). The Policy Challenges of Globalisation and Regionalisation OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE.
PENGADAAN CALON PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL PEMERINTAH KOTA SURAKARTA FORMASI TAHUN 2019 (2019).
Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Pembatasan Sosial BerskalaBesar dalam Rangka Percepatan Penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/135059/pp-no-21-tahun-2020
Peraturan Walikota (Perwali) Kota Surakarta Nomor 14 Tahun 2023 tentang Kedudukan, Susunan Organisasi, Tugas dan Fungsi serta Tata Kerja Sekretariat Daerah dan Sekretariat Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (2023). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/276577/perwali-kota-surakarta-no-14-tahun-2023
Peraturan Walikota (Perwali) Kota Surakarta Nomor 17 Tahun 2020 tentang Kedudukan, Susunan Organisasi, Tugas, Fungsi dan Tata Kerja Sekretariat Daerah Kota Surakarta (2020). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/195563/perwali-kota-surakarta-no-17-tahun-2022
Ricky, M. (2021, October 25). Pemkot Solo Perbarui Kerja Sama Sister City dengan Xian & Zhuhai China. SOLOPOS. https://solopos.espos.id/pemkot-solo-perbarui-kerja-sama-sister-city-dengan-xian-zhuhai-china-1180305
Sekretariat Daerah Pemerintah Kota Surakarta. (2023, November 13). Kota Solo Terbuka untuk Kolaborasi Internasional: Membangun Kemitraan dengan Kota Andong, Korea. SETDASURAKARTA. https://setda.surakarta.go.id/page/detail_berita/kota-solo-terbuka-untuk-kolaborasi-internasional-membangun-kemitraan-dengan-kota-andong-korea
Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. (2023, August 21). Perkembangan Konsep Pembinaan dan Pengawasan dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dari Tahun 1999 sampai Sekarang. SETKAB. https://setkab.go.id/perkembangan-konsep-pembinaan-dan-pengawasan-dalam-peraturan-perundang-undangan-dari-tahun-1999-sampai-sekarang/
SELEKSI PENGADAAN CALON PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL DI LINGKUNGAN PEMERINTAH KOTA SURAKARTA FORMASI TAHUN 2024 (2024).
Shrestha, N., Shad, M. Y., Ulvi, O., Khan, M. H., Karamehic-Muratovic, A., Nguyen, U. S. D. T., Baghbanzadeh, M., Wardrup, R., Aghamohammadi, N., Cervantes, D., Nahiduzzaman, K. M., Zaki, R. A., & Haque, U. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on globalization. One Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100180
Soldatos, P. (1990). An Explanatory Framework for the Study of Federated States as Foreign-policy Actors. In Hans. J. Michelmann & P. Soldatos (Eds.), Federalism and International Relations: The Role of Subnational Units (pp. 34–53). Oxford University Press.
Surwandono, S., & Maksum, A. (2020). The Architecture of Paradiplomacy Regime in Indonesia: A Content Analysis. Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional, 22(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.7454/global.v22i1.443
Taptiani, N., Mahadi, A., Fajar Romadhon, I., Muhammad Pratama, A., Muhammad, R., Purwanto, E., Nurvita Sari, D., & Susiswani Isbandi, F. (2024). The Impact Of Globalization On Local Culture. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT, 45(1), 92–102.
Thejls Ziegler, M., & Lütge, C. (2024). Advantages and disadvantages of video conferencing and direct interaction: a conceptual framework for evaluating hybrid work models. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-07-2023-0150
Umar Suryadi Bakry. (2023). Metode Penelitian Hubungan Internasional (IV). PUSTAKA PELAJAR.
Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah (2014). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/38685/uu-no-23-tahun-2014
Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 37 Tahun 1999 tentang Hubungan Luar Negeri (1999). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/45358/uu-no-37-tahun-1999
United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights Preamble. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights#:~:text=Article%2013,to%20return%20to%20his%20country
World Health Organization. (2020). Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/covid-19-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern-(pheic)-global-research-and-innovation-forum
Wu, G., Li, X., & Hu, Z. (2024). Evolving connections: Understanding the dynamics behind the Sino-foreign sister city network. Cities, 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105219
Zhang, Y., Zhan, W., Xu, Y., & Kumar, V. (2020). International friendship cities, regional government leaders, and outward foreign direct investment from China. Journal of Business Research, 108, 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.056
Zhu, H. Y. (2020, April 21). COVID-19: Turning Point for Globalization. YALEGLOBAL.
Published
2025-12-30
How to Cite
Madyar Dewi, U. N., & Adhelia, J. (2025). HAMBATAN SISTER CITY KOTA SURAKARTA INDONESIA DENGAN KOTA ZHUHAI CHINA PASCA COVID-19. Dinamika Global : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 10(2), 444-466. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v10i2.3975
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