KERANGKA PENGAWASAN PADA PROYEK PINJAMAN LUAR NEGERI: ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI NATIONAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (NUDP) DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Oversight of foreign loan-funded projects is a vital instrument for ensuring state financial accountability and achieving measurable development objectives. The National Urban Development Project (NUDP) is an IBRD loan of USD 49.6 million (Loan No. 8976-ID; Project ID P163896), approved by the World Bank on June 11, 2019, to strengthen integrated urban planning capacity across 13 priority cities in Indonesia, implemented jointly by the Ministry of PUPR, the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas), and the Ministry of Home Affairs (Kemendagri). The project was extended to December 31, 2025 through a 2024 restructuring. Unlike previous studies that examine PLN oversight in general terms, this study is the first systematic effort to map NUDP's oversight architecture through a three-pillar framework and formulate an Integrative Oversight Framework Model (MKPI) as a conceptual solution to identified coordination gaps. Using a descriptive qualitative method with Framework Analysis (Gale et al., 2013) applied to World Bank primary documents and national regulations from 2019 to 2025, the study reveals that NUDP oversight operates through three pillars: internal ministerial oversight by the Inspectorate General; external state oversight by BPKP and BPK; and World Bank fiduciary oversight through IFR and Implementation Support Missions. Three structural coordination gaps are identified: the absence of an inter-agency coordination forum, inconsistency between national and international reporting standards, and limited regional APIP capacity. The proposed MKPI offers a systemic solution through FKPPL, integrated SIMP, and a joint APIP capacity building programme that can serve as a model for other multilateral foreign loan projects in Indonesia.