ANALISIS FRAMING: PEMBERITAAN MEDIA MASSA MENGENAI KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA DALAM MENANGGAPI RIVALITAS AMERIKA SERIKAT DAN CHINA (2019-2022)

  • Jessica Martha Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
  • Adrianus Harsawaskita Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
  • Idil Syawfi Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
  • Valeria Tania Margono Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Abstract

In the second period of President Joko Widodo's government, Indonesia strengthened its cooperative relations with the United States and China through various agreements in the economy and other global issues. Indonesia's decision is influenced by many factors, both internal and external. According to Michael Brecher, in the process of foreign policy formulation, the mass media have a rol to convey and advocate for the general public regarding the government's stance towards certain issues. Through this research, the research team wanted to find out whether the mass media in Indonesia support Indonesia's foreign policy in responding to the rivalry between the United States and China? To answer this question, the research team used the foreign policy formulation system (Michael Brecher) and the framing analysis (Robert N. Entman). The study was carried out on 15 selected news stories from Kompas, The Jakarta Post, and Tempo. Based on the research conducted, the research team concludes that the news conveyed by the mass media in Indonesia shows their support for Indonesia's foreign policy, especially its neutral stance in the rivalry between the United States and China.

References

Buku
Amstutz, M.R. (1998). International Conflict and Cooperation: An Introduction to World Politics, McGraw Hill.
Creswell, J.W. (2008), Educational Research. Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall.
Entman, R.N. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.
Graber, D.A. (1984). Mass Media and American Politics. CQ Press.
Hamad, I. (2004). Konstruksi Realitas Politik dalam Media Massa: Sebuah Studi Critical Analysis Discourses Terhadap Berita-BeritaPolitik. Jakarta: Granit.
McCombs, M dan Reynolds, A (2002). "News influence on our pictures of the world". Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research.

Artikel Jurnal
Ajjan, M. dan Begum, S.M (2021). Do the Media Affect the Decisions of Policy Makers in Foreign Policy? Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 12 (6), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0052
Bowen, G.A. (2009), “Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method”, Qualitative Research Journal, Vol. 9. h. 27-40.\
Brecher, M. A Framework for Research on Foreign Policy Behavior. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 13 No. 1, http://www.jstor.org/stable/173299.
McCombs, M. dan Shaw, D.L. The Agenda-Setting Role of the Mass Media in the Shaping of Public Opinion, https://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_pdf/mccombs01.pdf
Naveh, C (2002). The Role of the Media in Foreign Policy Decision-Making: A Theoretical Framework. Conflict & Communication Online, 1(2), https://regener-online.de/journalcco/2002_2/pdf_2002_2/naveh.pdf
Retnachrista RS (2007). Peran News Corporations dalam Kebijakan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat Menginvasi Irak (Maret 2003). Global & Strategis. 1(2), 138-150. http://journal.unair.ac.id/download-fullpapers-global05%20retnachrista.pdf
Setiawan, A (2019). Peran Media Massa dalam Politik Luar Negeri: Kasus di Indonesia. Jurnal Mandala 2(1).

Publikasi Pemerintah
Rencana Strategis Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia 2020-2024.
UU RI NOMOR 37 Tahun1999 tentang Hubungan Luar Negeri.

Website
Aisyah, R. (2019). Indonesia’s Trade Doomed Without Adaptations. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/21/ri-trade-doomed-without-adaptations.html
Akbar, C. (2020). Soal Natuna, Ekonom Sarankan RI Tak Balas Cina dengan Aksi Dagang. https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1291364/soal-natuna-ekonom-sarankan-ri-tak-balas-cina-dengan-aksi-dagang
Allard, T. dan Widianto, S. (2020). Indonesia to U.S., China: Don't trap us in your rivalry. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-politics-foreign-minister-idUSKBN25Z1ZD
Allard, T. dan Widianto, S. (2020). Indonesia to US, China: Don’t Trap us in your Rivalry. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/09/09/indonesia-to-us-china-dont-trap-us-in-your-rivalry.html
Aulia, L. (2020). Politik Bebas Aktif Jadi Kunci RI Bisa Kerja Sama dengan China dan AS. https://www.kompas.id/baca/internasional/2020/12/02/politik-bebas-aktif-jadi-kunci-ri-bisa-kerja-sama-dengan-china-dan-as
Cahyani, D.R. (2019). BI Ingatkan Tantangan Ekonomi Indonesia 2019 dari Cina dan AS. https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1181670/bi-ingatkan-tantangan-ekonomi-indonesia-2019-dari-cina-dan-as/full&view=ok
Centre for Innovation Policy & Governance (2012). Tentang Media dan Demokrasi. http://cipg.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/CREAME-4.-Media-Demokrasi-2012.pdf
Jafar, M. (2020). Peluang Indonesia Merebut Keuntungan dari Perang Dagang AS-China. https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/06/30/134234426/peluang-indonesia-merebut-keuntungan-dari-perang-dagang-as-china?page=all
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI (2019). Indonesian FM: Year 2020 is an Important Momentum for Strengthening the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between Indonesia and China. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/read/901/berita/indonesian-fm-year-2020-is-an-important-momentum-for-strengthening-the-comprehensive-strategic-partnership-between-indonesia-and-china.
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI (2019). Penyampaian Prioritas Politik Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia 2019-2024. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/725/pidato/penyampaian-prioritas-politik-luar-negeri-republik-indonesia-2019-2024#
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI (2020). Lima Prioritas Kerja Presiden Jokowi-Wapres Ma'ruf, 2019-2024. https://kemlu.go.id/hochiminhcity/id/news/4510/lima-prioritas-kerja-presiden-jokowi-wapres-maruf-2019-2024.
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI (2021). Indonesia dan Tiongkok Sepakat Perkuat Kolaborasi untuk Dorong Pemulihan Ekonomi dan Tangkal Pandemi. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/2069/berita/indonesia-dan-tiongkok-sepakat-perkuat-kolaborasi-untuk-dorong-pemulihan-ekonomi-dan-tangkal-pandemi
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI (2021). Indonesia-AS lakukan Dialog Strategis Pertama. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/2768/berita/indonesia-as-lakukan-dialog-strategis-pertama
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. Hubungan Bilateral Indonesia-Amerika Serikat. https://kemlu.go.id/washington/id/pages/hubungan_bilateral/554/etc-menu
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. Pernyataan Pers Tahunan Menteri Luar Negeri tahun 2020. https://kemlu.go.id/download/L1NoYXJlZCUyMERvY3VtZW50cy8xJTIwcHB0bTIwMjAucGRm
Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi - Republik Indonesia. 5 Prioritas Kerja Presiden 2019 – 2024. https://www.menpan.go.id/site/tentang-kami/tentang-kami/5-prioritas-kerja-presiden-2019-2024
Kurniawan, A.B. (2020). ”Kompas” Ranking Ke-5 Surat Kabar Dunia. https://www.kompas.id/baca/dikbud/2020/05/22/kompas-ranking-ke-5-surat-kabar-dunia
Nur Hakim, R. (2019). Indonesia Kejar Ketertinggalan Manfaatkan Perang Dagang AS-China. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/10/08/22583541/indonesia-kejar-ketertinggalan-manfaatkan-perang-dagang-as-china?page=all
Oktavianti, T.I. (2020). Indonesia seeks US Investment in Natuna Amid Growing Superpower Rivalry. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/10/29/indonesia-seeks-us-investment-in-natuna-amid-growing-superpower-rivalry.html
Prabowo, D. (2020). Hubungan AS-China Memanas, SBY Ingatkan Indonesia dan ASEAN Netral. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/10/12/10060571/hubungan-as-china-memanas-sby-ingatkan-indonesia-dan-asean-netral
Pramadiba, I.M. (2020). Mike Pompeo Dukung Indonesia Tolak Klaim Cina di Laut Cina Selatan. https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1400536/mike-pompeo-dukung-indonesia-tolak-klaim-cina-di-laut-cina-selatan/full&view=ok
Seknas (2014). Jalan Perubahan Untuk Indonesia yang Berdaulat, Mandiri, dan Berkepribadian: Visi, Misi, dan Program Aksi Jokowi-Jusuf Kalla 2014. Jakarta: Seknas Jokowi.
Septiari, D. (2020). RI Pledges Neutrality during Pompeo Visit. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/10/29/ri-pledges-neutrality-during-pompeo-visit.html
Septiari, D. (2020). US Defense Secretary to Visit Indonesia Amid Increased Tension with China. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/07/23/us-defense-secretary-to-visit-indonesia-amid-increased-tension-with-china.html
Setiawan, A. (2015). Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Priorities in 5 Years Ahead. http://setkab.go.id/en/indonesias-foreign-policy-priorities-in-5-years-ahead/
Setneg RI (2019). SDM Unggul Menjadi Prioritas Utama Jokowi. https://www.setneg.go.id/baca/index/sdm_unggul_menjadi_prioritas_utama_jokowi
Tri, R. (2019). RI-Cina Mesra, AS Tetap Anggap Indonesia Mitra Penting. https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1268623/ri-cina-mesra-as-tetapanggap-indonesia-mitra-penting/full&view=ok
Utomo, A.P. (2020). Ditanya antara Pilih AS atau China, Begini Jawaban Presiden Jokowi. https://internasional.kompas.com/read/2020/02/14/09362311/ditanya-antara-pilih-as-atau-china-begini-jawaban-presiden-jokowi?page=all
Widyastuti, A.Y. (2019). Perang Dagang AS-Cina, ADB: Indonesia Tertinggal Ambil Peluang. https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1266851/perang-dagang-as-cina-adb-indonesia-tertinggal-ambil-peluang/full&view=ok
Published
2022-12-15
How to Cite
Martha, J., Harsawaskita, A., Syawfi, I., & Margono, V. T. (2022). ANALISIS FRAMING: PEMBERITAAN MEDIA MASSA MENGENAI KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA DALAM MENANGGAPI RIVALITAS AMERIKA SERIKAT DAN CHINA (2019-2022). Dinamika Global : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 7(02), 247-273. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v7i02.1070