ROHINGYA REFUGEES AND POTENTIAL FOR CONFLICT & HORIZONTAL PLURALITY IN ACEH
Abstract
The Rohingya refugee crisis in Indonesia presents complex dynamics between conflict theory in the distribution of resources and the concept of horizontal diversity in changing societal sentiments. Initially, Indonesia's response to this crisis was based on humanitarian values in reaction to persecution in Myanmar, although Indonesia had not ratified the UNHCR Convention. However, over time, tensions arose due to resource competition and the perception among the public that limited resources should be prioritized for Indonesian citizens. Conflict theory became evident when the initial acceptance of refugees turned controversial, creating dissatisfaction and protests from the public. Indonesia has not ratified the UNHCR Convention, partly due to resource limitations and a desire to manage the situation according to complex domestic conditions. The conflict theory reflects Indonesia's policy attempting to avoid becoming the primary destination for refugees. Changes in societal sentiments, especially in Aceh, create the concept of horizontal diversity. Initially enthusiastic about helping, the community changed after some refugees created distrust and social jealousy. Misinformation and hate narratives further worsened the refugees' image. Facing this complexity, Indonesia can lead regional efforts. Closer cooperation with countries that have ratified the UNHCR Convention can form a regional alliance to share the burden. At the ASEAN level, Indonesia can lead diplomatic efforts to pressure Myanmar and promote inclusive dialogue on the status and rights of the Rohingya. The importance of regional solidarity also demands that Indonesia address internal tensions. Future leaders need to find a balance between humanitarian responsibility and national interests while ensuring public participation in decision-making. In this way, Indonesia can become a model for handling ongoing refugee crises at the regional and international levels.
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