Dwifungsi TNI dari Masa ke Masa

  • Asrudin Azwar The Asrudian Center
  • Mirza Jaka Suryana Universitas Nasional Jakarta
Keywords: Jokowi administration, Dwifungsi, Dual-function, ABRI, military, authoritarianism, social roles, political roles, civil offices

Abstract

Dwifungsi (dual-function) of the Indonesian Arm Forces has been evolved and reached its peak in the New Order era. The social and political role of Indonesian Arm Forces became dominant in every aspects of the life of society. After the regime downfall in 1998, with the monetary crisis which accompanied it, Indonesian civil society demanded the state to be fully democratic. Thus, the Dwifungsi is left behind. Nevertheless, the effort to restore Dwifungsi is still strong. By now, many of Indonesian military generals has occupies public offices. It is of course a backward and making Indonesia to its darker past. The plan of Jokowi’s administration to give posts for military officers in ministries and civil institutions is not accord with democratic spirit and tend to bring back authoritarianism to life.

References

Crouch, Harold, The Army and Politics in Indonesia, (Itacha: Cornell University Press, 1978).
_______, Militer dan politik di Indonesia, (Jakarta: Sinar Harapan, 1986)
Huntington, Samuel P., The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations, (Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1957).
“Kemenangan dan Kekalahan Supremasi Sipil”, https://tirto.id/kemenangan-dan-kekalahan-supremasi-sipil-cxWa
Muhaimin, Yahya A., Perkembangan Militer dalam Politik di Indonesia, 1945-1966, (Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1982).
_______., “Pembinaan Bidang Pertahanan Indonesia”, dalam Pidato Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar Pada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Gadjah Mada (28 September 2005).
Muhtadi, Burhanuddin, “Jokowi’s First Year: A Weak President Caught between Reform and Oligarchic Politics,” dalam Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol. 51, no. 3 (2015).
Nasution, A.H., Toward the People’s Army, (Jakarta: C.V. Delegasi, 1964).
Nathan, Lauri, “Obstacles to Security Sector Reform in New Democracies”, https://www.berghof-foundation.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/ Handb ook/Dialogue_ Chaptersdialogue2_nathan. pdf
Prastiti, Olivia & dan Matthew Alexander, “Dwifungsi dan Transformasi Bisnis Militer Pasca Reformasi”, http://www.balairungpress.com/2018/11/dwifungsi-dan-transformasi-bisnis-militer-pasca-reformasi/
Said, Salim, Genesis of Power: General Sudirman and the Indonesian Military in Politics, 1945-49, (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1991).
Sebastian, Leonard C., “Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and His Generals”, dalam Policy Brief, No 1 (Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, 2007),https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/PB070101_Susilo _Bambang_Yudhoyono _and_Generals.pdf
Singh, Bilveer, Dwifungsi ABRI: Asal-usul, Aktualisasi dan Implikasinya bagi Stabilitas dan Pembangunan, (Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1996).
Soedibyo, “Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia: Prospects for the 1990s”, dalam The Indonesian Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Kwartal ke-3, 1990).
Sundhaussen, Ulf, Politik Militer Indonesia, 1945-1967: Menuju Dwifungsi ABRI, (Jakarta: LP3ES, 1987).
Syailendra, Emirza Adi, “Under Suharto’s Shadow: Jokowi and the Indonesian Military,” dalam Foreign Affairs, 2015, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ articles/indonesia/2015-08-12/under-suhartos-shadow.
“The Expanding Role of the Indonesian Military”, dalam IPAC Report, No. 19, (25 Mei 2015), http://file.understandingconflict.org/file/2015/05/IPAC_19_ Expan ding_Role_of_TNI.pdf
“TNI dan Kenormalan Baru”, http://politik.lipi.go.id/kolom/kolom-2/politik-nasional/1403-tni-dan-kenormalan-baru?fbclid=IwAR3-4WfTq1Nt4h73ef 3dn xsnTWYMq4NV3ze1ZDsT TfWZ Iqpn43BF891G-Q
Tom Power, “Jokowi’s Authoritarian Turn”, https://www.newmandala.org/jokowis-authoritarian-turn/
Weiss, Stanley A., “A Dangerous Game of Military Politics in Indonesia,” dalam HuffPost, 14 Desember 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/stanley-weiss/a-dangerous-game-of-milit_ b_8806936 .html.
Published
2021-02-07
How to Cite
Azwar, A., & Suryana, M. J. (2021). Dwifungsi TNI dari Masa ke Masa. Jurnal Academia Praja : Jurnal Magister Ilmu Pemerintahan, 4(1), 154-179. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/jap.v4i1.182