Policy Diffusion, Digitalisation, and Governance Gaps in the Implementation of Indonesia's Golden Visa Programme


(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 5090 ORDER BY seq  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7742'  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7746'  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7747'  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7748'  

    (mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 5090 ORDER BY seq  

    (mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7742'  

    (mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7746'  

    (mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7747'  

    (mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7748'  
  • Gunawan Ari Nursanto Public Administration Doctoral Studies, Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1863-8243
  • Sunarto Sunarto Public Administration Doctoral Studies, Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)
  • Pandji Sukmana Public Administration Doctoral Studies, Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)
  • Gatot Hery Djatmiko Public Administration Doctoral Studies, Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)
Keywords: Policy DIffusion, Golden Visa, Investment, Indonesia Immigration, Border Control

Abstract

Indonesia’s Golden Visa, launched in 2023 through Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation No. 22/2023, is promoted as a residence-by-investment scheme to attract foreign capital and talent for post-pandemic recovery and digital transformation. This article uses a qualitative descriptive approach based on documentary analysis of regulations, internal guidance, official statistics, and scholarly literature on Golden Visa programmes, investment migration, and digital immigration governance. It examines how Indonesia’s scheme is designed and how far its monitoring and governance arrangements are specified.
The findings show that Indonesia, as a latecomer, selectively borrows design elements from European models longer residence durations, high investment thresholds, and privileged treatment for targeted investors and global talents—while embedding the programme in a digital-by-design architecture with online application and stay-permit services. However, there is a gap between relatively sophisticated ex-ante design and under-specified ex-post monitoring and evaluation. References to investment realisation, supervision, and revocation lack operational detail on risk-based triggers, inter-agency coordination, and data governance. The article argues that Indonesia’s Golden Visa must move beyond investment-promotion rhetoric toward an end-to-end, digitally supported monitoring model and contributes to debates on policy diffusion, investor migration, and digital governance by emphasising institutional capacity and accountability.


(mysql): SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = 'usagestatsplugin' AND context_id = 4 AND setting_name = 'displayStatistics'  

(mysql): SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = 'usagestatsplugin' AND context_id = 4  

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 5090 ORDER BY seq  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7742'  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7746'  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7747'  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7748'  
Published
2025-12-16
How to Cite
Nursanto, G., Sunarto, S., Sukmana, P., & Djatmiko, G. (2025). Policy Diffusion, Digitalisation, and Governance Gaps in the Implementation of Indonesia’s Golden Visa Programme, 5(2), 114-130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/jgss.v5i2.5090

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 5090 ORDER BY seq  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7742'  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7746'  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7747'  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '7748'  

(mysql): SELECT DISTINCT aa.submission_id FROM authors aa LEFT JOIN submissions a ON (aa.submission_id = a.submission_id) LEFT JOIN author_settings asl ON (asl.author_id = aa.author_id AND asl.setting_name = 'affiliation') WHERE aa.first_name = 'Gunawan' AND a.status = 3 AND (aa.middle_name = 'Ari') AND aa.last_name = 'Nursanto' AND (asl.setting_value = 'Public Administration Doctoral Studies, Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)') AND (aa.country = 'ID')  

(mysql): SELECT ps.*, s.*, COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title, COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev FROM published_submissions ps JOIN submissions s ON (ps.submission_id = s.submission_id) JOIN sections se ON se.section_id = s.section_id LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (se.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = 'title' AND stpl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (se.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = 'title' AND stl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (se.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sapl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (se.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sal.locale = 'en_US') WHERE s.submission_id = 5090  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM submission_settings WHERE submission_id = '5090'  

(mysql): SELECT sf.*, g.* FROM submission_galleys g LEFT JOIN submission_files sf ON (g.file_id = sf.file_id) LEFT JOIN submission_files nsf ON (nsf.file_id = g.file_id AND nsf.revision > sf.revision) WHERE g.submission_id = 5090 AND nsf.file_id IS NULL ORDER BY g.seq  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM submission_galley_settings WHERE galley_id = '1628'  

(mysql): SELECT DISTINCT aa.submission_id FROM authors aa LEFT JOIN submissions a ON (aa.submission_id = a.submission_id) LEFT JOIN author_settings asl ON (asl.author_id = aa.author_id AND asl.setting_name = 'affiliation') WHERE aa.first_name = 'Sunarto' AND a.status = 3 AND (aa.middle_name = '' OR aa.middle_name IS NULL) AND aa.last_name = 'Sunarto' AND (asl.setting_value = 'Public Administration Doctoral Studies, Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)') AND (aa.country = 'ID')  

(mysql): SELECT ps.*, s.*, COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title, COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev FROM published_submissions ps JOIN submissions s ON (ps.submission_id = s.submission_id) JOIN sections se ON se.section_id = s.section_id LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (se.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = 'title' AND stpl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (se.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = 'title' AND stl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (se.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sapl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (se.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sal.locale = 'en_US') WHERE s.submission_id = 5090  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM submission_settings WHERE submission_id = '5090'  

(mysql): SELECT sf.*, g.* FROM submission_galleys g LEFT JOIN submission_files sf ON (g.file_id = sf.file_id) LEFT JOIN submission_files nsf ON (nsf.file_id = g.file_id AND nsf.revision > sf.revision) WHERE g.submission_id = 5090 AND nsf.file_id IS NULL ORDER BY g.seq  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM submission_galley_settings WHERE galley_id = '1628'  

(mysql): SELECT DISTINCT aa.submission_id FROM authors aa LEFT JOIN submissions a ON (aa.submission_id = a.submission_id) LEFT JOIN author_settings asl ON (asl.author_id = aa.author_id AND asl.setting_name = 'affiliation') WHERE aa.first_name = 'Pandji' AND a.status = 3 AND (aa.middle_name = '' OR aa.middle_name IS NULL) AND aa.last_name = 'Sukmana' AND (asl.setting_value = 'Public Administration Doctoral Studies, Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)') AND (aa.country = 'ID')  

(mysql): SELECT ps.*, s.*, COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title, COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev FROM published_submissions ps JOIN submissions s ON (ps.submission_id = s.submission_id) JOIN sections se ON se.section_id = s.section_id LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (se.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = 'title' AND stpl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (se.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = 'title' AND stl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (se.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sapl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (se.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sal.locale = 'en_US') WHERE s.submission_id = 5090  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM submission_settings WHERE submission_id = '5090'  

(mysql): SELECT sf.*, g.* FROM submission_galleys g LEFT JOIN submission_files sf ON (g.file_id = sf.file_id) LEFT JOIN submission_files nsf ON (nsf.file_id = g.file_id AND nsf.revision > sf.revision) WHERE g.submission_id = 5090 AND nsf.file_id IS NULL ORDER BY g.seq  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM submission_galley_settings WHERE galley_id = '1628'  

(mysql): SELECT DISTINCT aa.submission_id FROM authors aa LEFT JOIN submissions a ON (aa.submission_id = a.submission_id) LEFT JOIN author_settings asl ON (asl.author_id = aa.author_id AND asl.setting_name = 'affiliation') WHERE aa.first_name = 'Gatot' AND a.status = 3 AND (aa.middle_name = 'Hery') AND aa.last_name = 'Djatmiko' AND (asl.setting_value = 'Public Administration Doctoral Studies, Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)') AND (aa.country = 'ID')  

(mysql): SELECT ps.*, s.*, COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title, COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev FROM published_submissions ps JOIN submissions s ON (ps.submission_id = s.submission_id) JOIN sections se ON se.section_id = s.section_id LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (se.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = 'title' AND stpl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (se.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = 'title' AND stl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (se.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sapl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (se.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sal.locale = 'en_US') WHERE s.submission_id = 5090  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM submission_settings WHERE submission_id = '5090'  

(mysql): SELECT sf.*, g.* FROM submission_galleys g LEFT JOIN submission_files sf ON (g.file_id = sf.file_id) LEFT JOIN submission_files nsf ON (nsf.file_id = g.file_id AND nsf.revision > sf.revision) WHERE g.submission_id = 5090 AND nsf.file_id IS NULL ORDER BY g.seq  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM submission_galley_settings WHERE galley_id = '1628'  

(mysql): SELECT v.* FROM versions v LEFT JOIN plugin_settings ps ON lower(v.product_class_name) = ps.plugin_name AND ps.setting_name = 'enabled' AND (context_id = 0 OR v.sitewide = 1) WHERE v.current = 1 AND (ps.setting_value = '1' OR v.lazy_load <> 1)  

(mysql): SELECT v.* FROM versions v LEFT JOIN plugin_settings ps ON lower(v.product_class_name) = ps.plugin_name AND ps.setting_name = 'enabled' AND (context_id = 0 OR v.sitewide = 1) WHERE v.current = 1 AND (ps.setting_value = '1' OR v.lazy_load <> 1)  

(mysql): SELECT v.* FROM versions v LEFT JOIN plugin_settings ps ON lower(v.product_class_name) = ps.plugin_name AND ps.setting_name = 'enabled' AND (context_id = 0 OR v.sitewide = 1) WHERE v.current = 1 AND (ps.setting_value = '1' OR v.lazy_load <> 1)  

(mysql): SELECT v.* FROM versions v LEFT JOIN plugin_settings ps ON lower(v.product_class_name) = ps.plugin_name AND ps.setting_name = 'enabled' AND (context_id = 0 OR v.sitewide = 1) WHERE v.current = 1 AND (ps.setting_value = '1' OR v.lazy_load <> 1)