STRATEGI GEOEKONOMI JEPANG MELALUI FREE AND OPEN INDO-PACIFIC (FOIP) DI ASIA TENGGARA SEBAGAI RESPONS TERHADAP EKSPANSI PENGARUH TIONGKOK (2020–2024)
Abstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis strategi Jepang melalui konsep Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) sebagai instrumen geoekonomi untuk mengimbangi pengaruh Tiongkok di Asia Tenggara pada periode 2020–2024, dengan fokus pada Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Filipina. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi kepustakaan, penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi FOIP melalui proyek infrastruktur, bantuan pembangunan resmi (Official Development Assistance/ODA), dan diplomasi ekonomi Jepang, serta membandingkannya dengan pendekatan Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Tiongkok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa FOIP menjadi alternatif pembangunan kawasan yang menekankan supremasi hukum, tata kelola yang baik, dan keberlanjutan, meskipun efektivitasnya bervariasi antarnegara. Jepang berhasil memperkuat posisi strategisnya melalui proyek infrastruktur besar dan kemitraan ekonomi, namun menghadapi tantangan berupa keterbatasan anggaran dan persaingan ketat dengan Tiongkok. Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa FOIP berperan sebagai strategi soft balancing yang memadukan kepentingan ekonomi dan politik Jepang untuk menjaga stabilitas kawasan Asia Tenggara.
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