Kebijakan Amerika Serikat Dalam Mempertahankan Hegemoni di Eropa Timur Tahun 2022-2025

Nabila Khoirunnisa Azzahra

doi:10.36859/gij.v2i2.4347

Nabila Khoirunnisa Azzahra Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36859/gij.v2i2.4347

Keywords: Kebijiakan luar negeri, kepentingan nasional, hegemoni, Amerika Serikat

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis kebijakan Amerika Serikat dalam mempertahankan hegemoninya di Eropa Timur melalui studi kasus Perang Rusia-Ukraina tahun 2022-2025. Invasi yang dilakukan Rusia ke Ukraina mendapat kritikan dari berbagai negara, salah satunya Amerika Serikat. Amerika Serikat membuat kebijakan berupa pemberian bantuan ke Ukraina dan penjatuhan paket sanksi terhadap Rusia. Pertanyaan utama penelitian adalah mengapa Amerika Serikat menetapkan kebijakan berupa bantuan terhadap Ukraina dan sanksi terhadap Rusia. Untuk menjawab masalah penelitan, digunakan konsep kepentingan nasional Donald E. Nuechterlein – meliputi kepentingan pertahanan, ekonomi, tatanan dunia, dan ideologi – serta teori realisme ofensif untuk memahami perilaku negara hegemon menghadapi kekuatan revisionis. Metode penelitian bersifat kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka, analisis dokumen resmi. Temuan penelitian ini, (1) AS berkepentingan mempertahankan letak strategis NATO dan mencegah pengaruh Rusia; (2) memperkuat pengaruhnya dalam pasar energi global; (3) melindungi sistem internasional yang menopang hegemoninya; (4) mempertahankan narasi demokrasi liberal di Eropa Timur.

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