KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI TIONGKOK DALAM MENDUKUNG ARAB SAUDI MENYELESAIKAN KONFLIK DENGAN IRAN TAHUN 2022-2023
Keywords:
Foreign Policy, China, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia-Iran Conflict
Abstract
This study aims to explain the reasons behind China's support for Saudi Arabia in its efforts to resolve the conflict with Iran in 2022-2023. The main focus of this study is on analyzing China's foreign policy through a qualitative-explanatory approach, using Alex Mintz and Karl DeRouen's concept of foreign policy decision-making (FPDM), particularly psychological and international factors. The results of this study indicate that China's support is part of the transformation of its foreign policy, which is becoming increasingly active and responsive to regional dynamics. Stability in the Gulf region is crucial for energy security and the continuity of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project, which is in line with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030, so China provides diplomatic and symbolic support through its role as a mediator. The main reasons behind China's support are the consistency of its peaceful policy, its perception of Saudi Arabia as a key strategic partner, and its desire to maintain balance in the region. This underscores that China's foreign policy is not only focused on protecting its national interests but also reflects its aspirations as a global power playing a role in maintaining stability and supporting a multipolar world order.
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Alex Mintz, & DeRouen, K. (2010). Understanding Foreign Policy Decision Making. In Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511757761
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BBC News. (2016). Eksekusi ulama Syiah di Arab Saudi picu kemarahan luas. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2016/01/160102_dunia_arab_syiah
Brown, K. (2016). CEO, China: the rise of Xi Jinping. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Chaziza, M. (2018). China’s mediation efforts in the middle east and North Africa: Constructive conflict management. Strategic Analysis, 42(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2017.1418956
Chen Aizhu. (2024). Exclusive: China’s Iranian crude imports find new market in northeast | Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/chinas-iranian-crude-imports-find-new-market-northeast-2024-07-26/
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Eslami, M., & Papageorgiou, M. (2023). China’s Increasing Role in the Middle East: Implications for Regional and International Dynamics. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 2.
Fulton, J. (2020). China-Saudi Arabia Relations Through the ‘1 + 2+3’ Cooperation Pattern. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 14(4), 516–527. https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2020.1841991
Gideon, R. (1998). Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy. Worlds Politics, 51(1), 144–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100007814
Kai, H., & Huiyuny, F. (2013). Xi jinping’s operational code beliefs and china’s foreign policy. Chinese Journal of International Politics, 6(3), 209–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pot010
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. (n.d.). China’s Initiation of the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-Existence. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. Retrieved April 27, 2025, from https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/zy/wjls/3604_665547/202405/t20240531_11367542.html
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. (2023). Joint Trilateral Statement by the People’s Republic of China, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/2878_663746/2879_663748/202303/t20230311_11039241.html
Mirza, M. N., Abbas, H., & Qaisrani, I. H. (2021). Structural Sources of Saudi–Iran Rivalry and Competition for the Sphere of Influence. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211032642
Musofa, A. Z. (2023). Rekonsiliasi Arab Saudi dan Iran dalam Perspektif Konstruktivisme. JRP (Jurnal Review Politik), 13(2), 75–99. https://doi.org/10.15642/jrp.2023.13.2.75-99
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Basics of Social Research: Qualitative & Quantitative Approaches (3rd ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2021). The Importance of the Suez Canal to Global Trade. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/trade/mfat-market-reports/the-importance-of-the-suez-canal-to-global-trade-18-april-2021
Pieter. (2022). Xi Jinping’s 10 Concentric Circles of Core Strategic Interest. Han Wei Consulting. https://hanweiconsulting.com/2022/07/17/xi-jinpings-10-concentric-circles-of-core-strategic-interest/
Reuters. (2023). Saudi Arabia stays top crude supplier to China in 2022, Russian barrels surge. https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/saudi-arabia-stays-top-crude-supplier-china-2022-russian-barrels-surge-2023-01-20/
Rudd, K. (2024). On Xi Jinping: How Xi’s Marxist Nationalism is Shaping China and the World. Oxford University Press.
Scobell, A., & Nader, A. (2017). China in the Middle East: The Wary Dragon. In China in the Middle East: The Wary Dragon. https://doi.org/10.7249/rr1229
Strategiecs Think Tank. (2022). China’s Strategy in the Middle East from an Analytical Perspective. Strategiecs. https://strategiecs.com/en/analyses/chinas-strategy-in-the-middle-east-from-an-analytical-perspective
Sugiyono. (2023). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (Untuk penelitian yang bersifat: eksploratif, enterpretif, interaktif dan konstruktif). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, 1–274.
The State Council The People’s Republic Of China. (2016). Full text of China’s Arab Policy Paper. https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/publications/2016/01/13/content_281475271412746.htm
Utami, A. N., Anam, S., & Munir, A. M. (2022). Pengaruh Pertentangan Ideologi Sunni-Syi’ah Terhadap Hubungan Bilateral Arab Saudi-Iran di Timur Tengah. Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies (IJPSS), 4(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.29303/ijpss.v4i1.111
Wawancara dengan Dr. Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat. (2025).
Wawancara dengan Dr. Naser Al-Tamimi. (2025).
Yuan, Z. (2024). Crucial yet Limited : China ’ s Role in the Saudi-Iranian Rapprochement. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 18(3), 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2024.2411104
Zhou, Q. (2024). China-Saudi Arabia Ties: Trade, Investment, and Opportunities. https://www.middleeastbriefing.com/news/china-saudi-arabia-ties-trade-investment-and-opportunities/
Published
2025-10-15
How to Cite
Hermawan, A., Rachmat, A. N., & Rianda, B. (2025). KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI TIONGKOK DALAM MENDUKUNG ARAB SAUDI MENYELESAIKAN KONFLIK DENGAN IRAN TAHUN 2022-2023. Global Insight Journal : Jurnal Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.36859/gij.v2i1.4089
Section
Articles
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