KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI IRAN DALAM NORMALISASI HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK TERHADAP ARAB SAUDI TAHUN 2021-2023
Keywords:
Normalisasi hubungan diplomatik, Kebijakan luar negeri Iran, Kebijakan bertetangga Iran
Abstract
Pada 10 Maret 2023 Iran berhasil untuk melakukan normalisasi hubungan diplomatiknya terhadap Arab Saudi, normalisasi yang dilakukan oleh Iran tersebut merupakan bentuk dari perubahan kebijakan luar negeri Iran terhadap Arab Saudi. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk dapat menganalisis dan memberikan penjelasan tentang alasan dibalik kebijakan luar negeri Iran yang melakukan normalisasi hubungan diplomatiknya terhadap Arab Saudi tahun 2023. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dan melakukan wawancara dan studi litelatur untuk mengumpulkan data. Hasil dalam penelitian skripsi ini adalah ditemukan bahwa adanya pengaruh dari leader driven yaitu Ali Khamenei dan adanya pengaruh Bureaucratic Advocacy yang meliputi Presiden Ebrahim Raisi, Kementerian Luar Negeri Iran dan Supreme National Security Council (SNSC), selain itu adanya pengaruh dari Domestic Restructuring yaitu masyarakat Iran, serta adanya pengaruh external shock yaitu sanksi ekonomi Amerika.
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Rakipoğlu Mehmet.”Revisiting the Saudi Position During the Iran-Iraq War through the Lens of Balance of Threat Theory,” Ortadoğu Etütleri. Vol. 9 No.1 (2017) 118-134.
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Asmar Ahmed.”Talks with Riyadh moving in 'right direction': Iranian FM.” Anadoluagency (8 Oktober 2021) internet. 18 Februari 2025, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/talks-with-riyadh-moving-in-right-direction-iranian-fm/2386918
Blanga U Yehuda.”Saudi arabia’S Motives in the Syrian Civil War,” Middle East Policy. Vol. 24 No.4 ( 2017 ) 45-62.
Figueroa William.”Iran-Saudi Normalization: A Regional Process with Chinise Characterictics.” The Foreign Policy Research Institute (24 Maret 2023) internet. 12 Januari 2025, https://www.fpri.org/article/2023/03/iran-saudi-normalization-a-regional-process-with-chinese-characteristics/
Ibrahim Fraihat. Iran and Saudi Arabia Taming a Chaotic Conflict. London : Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2020.
Ijaz Sabir, Jafri H. Mubashar dan Sabri A. Madad.“E-1: THE NORMALIZATION OF IRAN-SAUDI RELATIONS AND A WAY FORWARD,” The International Journal of Arabic and Islamic Research. Vol. 7 No. 4 (2023) 1-8.
Iran International Newsroom”,While Iran Hoped Europe Would Freeze, It Sells Oil At Half Price”, Iran International (24 Desember 2022) internet, 27 Februari 2025, https://www.iranintl.com/en/202212249285
Iran Primer,”Supreme National Security Council of Iran”, The Iran Primer (15 Juli 2020) internet, 28 Februari 2023, https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2019/apr/01/supreme-national-security-council-iran
Irangov.ir. “Today is one of the most openly disgraceful periods in terms of oppression”. Government of The Islamic Republic of Iran, ( 23 Maret 2022) internet. 16 Februari 2025. https://irangov.ir/detail/382902
Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ”Speeches of H.E. Dr.Amirabdollahian, Foreign Minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran, at the Tehran Daialogue Forum 2022”. Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ( 19 Desember 2022 ) internet. 18 Februari 2025. https://en.mfa.gov.ir/portal/newsview/704263
Kamrava Mehran.”Iran’s Neighborhood Policy: An Assessment.” Middle East Council On Global Affairs (19 April 2024) internet. 21 Februari 2025, https://mecouncil.org/publication_chapters/irans-neighborhood-policy-an-assessment/
KHAMENEI.IR. “Preference of East over West is a priority for Iran: Imam Khamenei”. KHAMENEI.IR, (18 Februari 2018) internet. 21 Februari 2025. https://english.khamenei.ir/news/5487/Preference-of-East-over-West-is-a-priority-for-Iran-Imam-Khamenei
KHAMENEI.IR. “The IRGC Quds Force is the biggest deterrent to passive diplomacy in West Asia”. KHAMENEI.IR, (2 Mei 2021) internet. 21 Februari 2025. https://english.khamenei.ir/news/8470/The-IRGC-Quds-Force-is-the-biggest-deterrent-to-passive-diplomacy
KHAMENEI.IR. ”Harmonize your words with your actions to earn the people’s trust.”KHAMENEI.IR, (28 Agustus 2021) internet. 21 Februari 2025. https://english.khamenei.ir/news/8866/Harmonize-your-words-with-your-actions-to-earn-the-people-s-trust
Mardo Soghom,”More Indication Iran Sells Oil To China With Heavy Discount”, Iran International (13 Mei 2023) internet, 27 Februari 2025, https://www.iranintl.com/en/202305118522
Mohammad Talal, Iranian-Saudi Rivalry since 1979: In the Words of Kings and Clerics. London : IB Tauris, 2022.
Muhamad Syahdy Maulana.”PERSAINGAN KEKUATAN SAUDI ARABIA (SUNNI) DAN IRAN (SYIAH) PADA KASUS KONFLIK KONTEMPORER (SURIAH DAN YAMAN),” Jurnal Gama Societa. Vol. 2 No.2 (2018) 101-110.
Nancy Gallagher, et al.,“Iranian Public Opinion At the Start of the Raisi Administration”, Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (18 Oktober 2021) internet, 25 Februari 2025, https://cissm.umd.edu/research-impact/publications/iranian-public-opinion-start-raisi-administration
Nikolay Kozhanov,”The economic backdrop of Iran’s protests”, Middle East Institute ( 17 Oktober 2022 ) internet, 19 Februari 2025, https://www.mei.edu/publications/economic-backdrop-irans-protests
Okemini Onyebuchi Ogbonna.”ADOPTION OF RESISTANCE ECONOMY AND IRAN'S DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL SANCTION REGIME, 2005-2013,” South East Journal of Political Science. Vol. 9 No.2 (2023) 238-263.
Parisa Hafezi, et al.,”Iran and Saudi Arabia agree to resume ties in talks brokered by China”, Reuters ( 11 Maret 2023 ) internet, 3 Maret 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-saudi-arabia-agree-resume-ties-re-open-embassies-iranian-state-media-2023-03-10/
Rahmi Fitriyanti, Adre Alir,”SANKSI EKONOMI AMERIKA SERIKATTERHADAP IRAN PERIODE 2018–2020 DALAM PERSPEKTIF NEOREALISME,” Journal of Economics and Social Sciences. Vol. 3 No.1 (2024) 29-40.
Rakipoğlu Mehmet.”Revisiting the Saudi Position During the Iran-Iraq War through the Lens of Balance of Threat Theory,” Ortadoğu Etütleri. Vol. 9 No.1 (2017) 118-134.
Reuters,”Iran energy workers hold wage protests as economy hit by sanctions”, Reuters (26 Juni 2021) internet, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-energy-workers-hold-wage-protests-economy-hit-by-sanctions-2021-06-25/
Simon Watjins”,China Wants Even Better Terms For Crucial Iran Oil Project”, Oil Price (21 Februari 2023) internet, 27 Februari 2025, https://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/China-Wants-Even-Better-Terms-For-Crucial-Iran-Oil-Project.html
Tehrantimes,”Forming ‘strategic partnership’ with neighbors a priority: Iran's security chief”, TEHRAN TIMES Straight Trurt ( 13 Desember 2021 ) internet, 19 Desember 2021, https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/468052/Forming-strategic-partnership-with-neighbors-a-priority-Iran-s
The Iran Primer.”Iran and Saudi Arabia Restore Ties”, Iran Primer (6 Juni 2023) internet. 26 Februari 2025, https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2023/mar/10/iran-and-saudi-arabia-restore-ties
Trading Economics,”Iran Government Budget”, TRADING ECONOMIC, internet, 26 Februari 2025, https://tradingeconomics.com/iran/government-budget
Trading Economics,”Iran Government Budget”, TRADING ECONOMIC, internet, 26 Februari 2025, https://id.tradingeconomics.com/iran/balance-of-trade
Trading Economics,”Iran Inflation Rate”, TRADING ECONOMIC, internet, 26 Februari 2025, https://tradingeconomics.com/iran/inflation-cpi
U.S. Department of the Treasury,”Treasury Sanctions Key Actors in Iran’s Steel Sector”, the United States government, (5 Januari 2021) internet, 27 Februari 2025, https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1226
U.S. Department of the Treasury,”Treasury Targets International Sanctions Evasion Network Supporting Iranian Petrochemical Sales”, the United States government, (16 Juni 2022) internet, 27 Februari 2025, https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0819
United Against Nuclear Iran,”Iran Tanker Tracking”, United Against Nuclear Iran, internet, 27 Februari 2025, https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/tanker-tracker?tab=1
Valentina Pegolo.” Iran’s Turn to the East? The Role of Ideology in the Islamic Republic’s Foreign Policy in Central Asia (1990-2001).” disertasi., University of Oxford, 2023.
Wildan Ilmanuarif Shafar dan Dian Mutmainah.”Resistensi Hubungan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat dan Iran: Studi Kasus Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA),” Jurnal Transformasi Global. Vol. 7 No.1 (2020) 144-175.
World Bank,”Inflation, consumer prices (annua %)-Iran, Islamic Rep.”, World Bank Group, internet, 26 Februari 2025, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=IR
Published
2025-10-15
How to Cite
Bangun, C. (2025). KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI IRAN DALAM NORMALISASI HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK TERHADAP ARAB SAUDI TAHUN 2021-2023. Global Insight Journal : Jurnal Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.36859/gij.v2i1.3473
Section
Articles
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