DAMPAK RETALIASI IRAN KE ISRAEL TAHUN 2024 DI KAWASAN TIMUR TENGAH
Keywords:
Timur Tengah, retaliasi Iran, Israel, stabilitas regional, konflik.
Abstract
Tulisan ini mengkaji dinamika konflik di kawasan Timur Tengah, dengan fokus khusus pada retaliasi Iran
terhadap Israel yang terjadi pada April 2024. Konfrontasi ini terjadi setelah serangan Israel terhadap konsulat
Iran di Damaskus, yang memicu Iran untuk melakukan serangan balasan menggunakan rudal dan drone.
Analisis menggunakan perspektif realisme, menjelaskan langkah Iran dalam menjaga kedaulatan dan
memperkuat pengaruhnya di kawasan melalui konsolidasi jaringan proksinya, termasuk Hizbullah di
Lebanon dan milisi Syiah di Irak dan Yaman. Penelitian ini juga mengungkap kompleksitas konflik yang
diperburuk oleh intervensi asing, perbedaan etnis dan agama, serta ketidakpuasan sosial yang
melatarbelakangi gelombang protes Arab Spring. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa retaliasi Iran tidak hanya
berdampak pada hubungan bilateral dengan Israel, tetapi juga berimplikasi pada stabilitas regional yang lebih
luas. Penelitian ini mengenali perlunya analisa lebih lanjut mengenai respons kebijakan negara-negara Timur
Tengah yang terpengaruh oleh perubahan dinamika keamanan akibat tindakan Iran.
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Haid, Haid. “The Strike on Iran’s Consulate in Syria could be the spark that ignites the Middle East.” Chatam House, 2024. Diakses 15 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/04/strike-irans-consulate-syria-could-be-spark-ignites-middle-east
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Saudi Press. “Saudi Arabia Expresses Deep Concern over Regional Military Escalation.” Saudi Press Agency, 2024. Diakses 17 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2082652
Shaikh, Shaan. “The Iran-Israel Air Conflict, On Week In. CSIS 2024. Diakses 15 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.csis.org/analysis/iran-israel-air-conflict-one-week
Singh, Deepak dan Panda, Harshita. “Impact of Iran-Israel War.” Thematic Research, 2024. Diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.pnbindia.in/downloadprocess.aspx?fid=l91Y4N5SwqVuQK9cnnMq5Q==
Sudira, I Nyoman. “Serangan Iran Ke Israel: Membaranya Perang Dan Redupnya Perdamaian Timur Tengah.” PACIS, 2024. diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://pacis.unpar.ac.id/serangan-iran-ke-israel-membaranya-perang-dan-redupnya-perdamaian-timur-tengah/
Suleiman Al-Khalidi. “Jordan Airforce Shoots Down Iranian Drones Flying Over to Israel.” Reuters, 2024. Diakses 15 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordans-air-defence-ready-shoot-down-any-iranian-aircraft-that-violate-its-2024-04-13/
Syahwi, Idil. “Eskalasi Iran-Israel: Peningkatan Profil Iran; Kerugian yang Sudah Terkalkulasi bagi Israel.” Diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://pacis.unpar.ac.id/eskalasi-iran-israel-peningkatan-profil-iran-kerugian-yang-sudah-terkalkulasi-bagi-israel/
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Wintour, Patrick. “Jordan faces difficult balancing act amid row over role in downing Iranian drones” The Guardian, 2024. Diakses 18 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/15/jordan-difficult-balancing-act-row-downing-iranian-drones-israel
Agence France-Presse. “Jordan vows not to become ‘theater of war’ between Israel and Iran”. Courthouse News Service, 2024. Diakses 15 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.courthousenews.com/jordan-vows-not-to-become-theater-of-war-between-israel-and-iran/
Ahram, Ariel. "Diplomacy needed to deescalate war between Israel and Iran's proxies." Virginia Tech, 8 Oktober 2024. Diakses 13 Januari 2025, melalui: https://news.vt.edu/articles/2024/10/Israel-Iran-proxy-wars-expert.html
Alaaldin, Ranj. “The Iraqi Prime Minister’s tricky Balancing Act.” Middle East Council On Global Affairs, 2025. Diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://mecouncil.org/publication/iraqs-prime-minister-sudanis-tricky-balancing-act/
Al-Aloosy, Massaab. "Insurgency, Proxy, and Dependence: How Hezbollah's Ideology Prevails Over its Interest in its Relationship with Iran." International Journal 78.1-2 (2023): 24-40. Diakses 09 September 2024, melalui: https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020231175679
Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. “Iran's attack on Israel stirs admiration among Gaza Palestinians.” Reuters, 2024. Diakses 20 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/irans-attack-israel-stirs-admiration-among-gaza-palestinians-2024-04-14/
Alshamary, Marsin. “Iraq’s Balancing Act Amid Iran’s Attack.” Brookings, 2024. Diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-impact-of-irans-attack-on-israel/
BBC. "Iran Bersumpah Akan Serang Balik Israel Setelah Serangan Konsulat di Damaskus – Seberapa Besar Potensi Perang Antara Iran dan Israel?" BBC News, 2024. Diakses 14 September 2024, melalui: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cd1770v4rpko
BBC. “Israel ‘serang balik’ Iran – Citra satelit ungkap kerusakan di pangkalan udara Isfahan.” BBC News Indonesia. Diakses 15 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c1rv0vdnjpro
Buzan, B., Wæver, O., & de Wilde, J. Security: A new framework for analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998. Diakses 20 Januari 2025
Buzan, Barry, and Ole Wæver. Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. Cambridge University Press, 2003. Cambridge Books Online, www.cambridge.org/97805215415
Buzan, Barry. "Pola Baru Keamanan Global di Abad ke-21." International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-) , vol. 67, no. 3, Juli 1991, hlm. 431-451. JSTOR , http://www.jstor.org/stable/2621945 . Diakses 6 Februari 2025.
CNN Indonesia. “Sempat ‘Bantu” Israel, Bagaimana Hubungan Yordania dan Iran?. CNN Indonesia, 2024. Diakses 15 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20240422093235-120-1088838/sempat-bantu-israel-bagaimana-hubungan-yordania-dan-iran
Control Risks, Economic Corridors in the Middle East: Opportunities and Challenges, 2025.
Davar, Faramarz. "How Did Iran Move from Proxy Tactics to Direct Conflict with Israel?" IranWire, 2024. Diakses 13 Januari 2025, melalui: https://iranwire.com/en/politics/134753-how-did-iran-move-from-proxy-tactics-to-direct-conflict-with-israel/
Davenport, Kelsey. "Under U.S. Pressure, Israel Avoids Iran Nuclear Targets." Arms Control Today, November 2024. Diakses 13 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2024-11/news/under-us-pressure-israel-avoids-iran-nuclear-targets
Doucet, Lyse. "Qasem Soleimani: US Kills Top Iranian General in Baghdad Air Strike." BBC News, 3 Jan. 2020. Diakses 06 November 2024 melalui: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50979463
Fadli, Muhammad Rijal. "Memahami desain metode penelitian kualitatif." Humanika, Kajian Ilmiah Mata Kuliah Umum 21.1 (2021): 33-54. Diakses 14 November 2024, melalui: file:///C:/Users/hp/Downloads/38075-110174-1-PB.pdf
Fahmi Lukman & Rachmini, Sejarah Jalur Sutra: Perdagangan Global di Timur Tengah, Jakarta: Pustaka Ilmu, 2022.
Gause Iii, F. Gregory. "Why Middle East studies missed the Arab Spring: The myth of authoritarian stability." Foreign affairs (2011): 81-90. Diakses 15 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23039608
Haid, Haid. “The Strike on Iran’s Consulate in Syria could be the spark that ignites the Middle East.” Chatam House, 2024. Diakses 15 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/04/strike-irans-consulate-syria-could-be-spark-ignites-middle-east
Halliday, Fred. The Middle East in International Relations: Power, Politic and Ideology. Cambridge Pres, 2005. Diakses 13 Januari 2025
Khosravi, Sina. "Iran's Support for Hamas and the Risk of Multi-Front Escalation." War on the Rocks, 16 Oct. 2023. Diakses 06 November 2024, melalui: https://warontherocks.com/2023/10/irans-support-for-hamas-and-the-risk-of-multi-front-escalation/
Levitt, Matthew. The Hamas-Iran Relationship. The Washington Institute, 2023. Diakses 06 November 2024, melalui: https://jstribune.com/levitt-the-hamas-iran-relationship/
Media & Communication Dept. “Qatar Calls for Urgent International Action to Spare Middle East Full-Scale of New Vortex of Conflicts.” Ministry Of Forreign Affairs, 2024. Diakses 17 Januari 2025, melalui: https://mofa.gov.qa/en/qatar/latest-articles/latest-news/details/2024/04/19/qatar-calls-for-urgent-international-action-to-spare-middle-east-full-scale-of-new-vortex-of-conflicts
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. “Egypt expresses deep concern over Iranian Israeli escalation, calls for restraint.” Sis.gov.eg, 2024. Diakses 17 Januari 2025, melalui: https://sis.gov.eg/Story/192428/Egypt-expresses-deep-concern-over-Iranian-Israeli-escalation%2C-calls-for-restraint?lang=en-us
Missile Defense project. “Russian Air and Missile Defense.” Missile Threat CSIS, 2017. Diakses 17 Januari 2025, melalui: https://missilethreat.csis.org/system_tax/russian-air-defense/
Muliawati, Firda. “Harga Minyak Menjah Naik jadi US$87.61, Ini Penyebabnya.” CNBC Indonesia, 2024. Diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20240503142924-17-535554/harga-minyak-mentah-naik-jadi-us-8761-ini-penyebabnya
Mustofa, Ahmad Zainal. “Keterlibatan Amerika Serikat dan Iran dalam Konflik Di Suriah Pasca Arab Spring.” Takzir: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial dan Keislaman, 2021. Diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://jurnal.uinsyahada.ac.id/index.php/TZ/article/viewFile/4534/3068
Nainggolan, Poltak Partogi. Konflik Internal dan Komplesitas Proxy War di Timur Tengah. Buku Obor 2020.
PACIS. “Di Balik Serangan Iran ke Israel: Pembalasan, Strategi Konsolidasi Proksi atau Citra Domestik?” PACIS, 2024. Diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://pacis.unpar.ac.id/di-balik-serangan-iran-ke-israel-retaliasi-strategi-konsolidasi-proksi-atau-citra-domestik/
Parsi, Trita. Treacherous Alliance: The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran, and the United States. Yale University Press, 2007.
Payind, Alam, and Melinda McClimans. Keys to Understanding the Middle East. 2023.
PBS NewsHour, Middle East Oil Reserves and Global Energy Markets, 2023
Rubin, Uzi. “Operation ‘True Promise’: Iran’s Missile Attack on Israel.” Besa Center Bar-Ilan University, 2024. Diakses 15 Januari 2025, melalui: https://besacenter.org/operation-true-promise-irans-missile-attack-on-israel/
Sapsford, Jay. “As Missiles Fly, Risk of Economic Fallout Rises Over Direct Conflict Between Israel & Iran.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 2024. Diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.uschamber.com/international/as-missiles-fly-risk-of-economic-fallout-rises-over-direct-conflict-between-israel-iran
Saudi Press. “Saudi Arabia Expresses Deep Concern over Regional Military Escalation.” Saudi Press Agency, 2024. Diakses 17 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2082652
Shaikh, Shaan. “The Iran-Israel Air Conflict, On Week In. CSIS 2024. Diakses 15 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.csis.org/analysis/iran-israel-air-conflict-one-week
Singh, Deepak dan Panda, Harshita. “Impact of Iran-Israel War.” Thematic Research, 2024. Diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.pnbindia.in/downloadprocess.aspx?fid=l91Y4N5SwqVuQK9cnnMq5Q==
Sudira, I Nyoman. “Serangan Iran Ke Israel: Membaranya Perang Dan Redupnya Perdamaian Timur Tengah.” PACIS, 2024. diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://pacis.unpar.ac.id/serangan-iran-ke-israel-membaranya-perang-dan-redupnya-perdamaian-timur-tengah/
Suleiman Al-Khalidi. “Jordan Airforce Shoots Down Iranian Drones Flying Over to Israel.” Reuters, 2024. Diakses 15 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordans-air-defence-ready-shoot-down-any-iranian-aircraft-that-violate-its-2024-04-13/
Syahwi, Idil. “Eskalasi Iran-Israel: Peningkatan Profil Iran; Kerugian yang Sudah Terkalkulasi bagi Israel.” Diakses 16 Januari 2025, melalui: https://pacis.unpar.ac.id/eskalasi-iran-israel-peningkatan-profil-iran-kerugian-yang-sudah-terkalkulasi-bagi-israel/
Tempo.co. "Harga Minyak Dunia Naik US$ 73,56 per Barel Imbas Serangan Rudal Iran ke Israel."
Wintour, Patrick. “Jordan faces difficult balancing act amid row over role in downing Iranian drones” The Guardian, 2024. Diakses 18 Januari 2025, melalui: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/15/jordan-difficult-balancing-act-row-downing-iranian-drones-israel
Published
2025-06-30
How to Cite
Setiawan, S. (2025). DAMPAK RETALIASI IRAN KE ISRAEL TAHUN 2024 DI KAWASAN TIMUR TENGAH. Global Insight Journal : Jurnal Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.36859/gij.v1i3.3312
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Articles
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