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https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ en-US UPAYA INDONESIA DALAM MENDUKUNG TERWUJUDNYA PERDAMAIAN ANTARA RUSIA DAN UKRAINA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4566 The Russia Ukraine conflict has generated unprecedented geopolitical tensions and humanitarian crises, with direct spillover effects on global stability. Despite extensive international mediation efforts, a sustainable peace agreement remains elusive. This study addresses the research gap in analyzing Indonesia’s unique positioning as a neutral actor under its independent and active foreign policy, employing the frameworks of liberalism, international law, and soft power. Using a qualitative approach supported by primary and secondary data, as well as interviews, the research finds that Indonesia’s mediation through shuttle diplomacy, bilateral dialogue, and strategic use of multilateral platforms such as the G20 Summit has sustained communication channels and introduced peace-oriented narratives into international forums. However, entrenched political positions, great power rivalry, and the influence of external military assistance limit the effectiveness of such efforts. The study argues that Indonesia’s approach contributes not only to conflict de-escalation but also to strengthening the norms of sovereignty and peaceful dispute settlement in global governance. Policy implications include the need for Indonesia to institutionalize its mediation capacity and expand multilateral cooperation to address protracted conflicts in other regions.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4566 ORDER BY seq

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Sujadi Dwi Setiyanto ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 253 263 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4566 UPAYA DIPLOMASI PERTAHANAN INDIA DI KAWASAN ASIA TENGGARA DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN KEAMANAN NASIONAL INDIA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4568 Security is the main thing for India, so in this case the country will take maximum action to get it. One of the actions that can be taken by India is defense diplomacy. India has the view that the Southeast Asian region can have both negative and positive impacts. In general, the positive impact given is that it can affect several sectors in India and the negative is that it becomes a threat to India's security. This study uses the theory of neorealism, defense diplomacy, national interests and national security. The four theories become guidelines for researchers to view the issues discussed. Using qualitative research methods, researchers take data sources from scientific articles, books, news and other official sources. The result is that India's defense diplomacy in Southeast Asia is cooperating with countries in the region, through this cooperation it has an impact on security because it builds trust between one and the other.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4568 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6821'

Maraden Thomson ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-09-19 2025-09-19 2 1 264 272 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4568 KERJASAMA INTERNASIONAL DALAM PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PERTAHANAN NEGARA-NEGARA AFRIKA STUDI KASUS KERJASAMA MILITER TAHUN 2022 – 2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4570 International cooperation in enhancing the defense capacity of African countries through military collaboration plays a crucial role in strengthening regional stability and security. This collaboration involves various actors, including developed countries, international organizations, and regional defense alliances, aiming to improve military capabilities, modernize defense equipment, and facilitate training and technology transfer.Case studies indicate that African nations significantly benefit from such cooperation, including increased professionalism in their armed forces, enhanced joint operational capabilities, and access to advanced technology and resources. However, challenges such as dependency on donor countries, potential foreign intervention, and difficulties in harmonizing defense policies remain obstacles that need to be addressed. Overall, international cooperation in the defense sector contributes to the enhancement of African military capacity. However, to ensure sustainable benefits, a national strategy that emphasizes independence and sovereignty must be developed to protect each country’s national interests

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4570 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6823'

Ferri Prayogi Ginting ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 273 282 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4570 GEOPOLITIK KEAMANAN MARITIM DI LAUT CINA SELATAN: ANALISIS PERAN INDONESIA SEBAGAI NEGARA MARITIM STRATEGIS TAHUN 2022 - 2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4572 The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the most strategic international shipping routes and is rich in natural resources, making it a source of geopolitical tensions in the Southeast Asian region. As the world's largest maritime nation, Indonesia plays a crucial role in maintaining stability and sovereignty over its maritime territory, particularly in the North Natuna Sea, which directly borders the South China Sea. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's role as a strategic maritime nation in addressing the South China Sea dispute, as well as the policies and diplomacy implemented by Indonesia to safeguard maritime security in the region. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data analysis from primary and secondary sources, including official documents, scientific journals, and international policy reports. The key findings of this study indicate that although Indonesia is not directly involved in the territorial disputes of the South China Sea, it has significant interests in maintaining freedom of navigation and the sovereignty of its maritime territory. Indonesia not only strengthens its maritime sector but also actively participates in ASEAN forums and international diplomacy to promote peaceful dispute resolution based on international law. Additionally, Indonesia continues to enhance its maritime defense capabilities and strengthen cooperation with major countries to maintain regional stability.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4572 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6825'

Danang Wahyu Utomo ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 283 292 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4572 HUBUNGAN AMERIKA SERIKAT-ISRAEL DALAM BIDANG PERTAHANAN DAN KEAMANAN PADA TAHUN 2023-2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4575 This research examines the dynamics of the relationship between the United States and Israel in the field of defense and security during 2023–2024, with an emphasis on the increased military cooperation that occurred during the prolonged conflict in the Middle East, particularly after the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7, 2023. Through a descriptive qualitative approach with literature review as the primary method, this study analyzes how the United States supports Israel thru military aid, international diplomacy, and the development of defense technologies such as the Iron Dome system and the F-35. This research utilizes neorealism and national interest theories as a conceptual framework to explain the strategic interests of the United States in strengthening Israel's position as a key ally in the Middle East. The research findings indicate that this cooperation not only strengthens Israel's military power but also maintains the geopolitical influence of the United States in the face of threats from Iran and regional proxy groups. Additionally, this relationship has a direct impact on global political dynamics, including debates in the UN Security Council and increasing pressure from the international community over the US stance on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4575 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6828'

Bambang Gatot Wibowo ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 293 299 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4575 DAMPAK KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN TIONGKOK TERHADAP EKONOMI LOKAL DI BALI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4593 This study analyzes the impact of Chinese tourist visits on Bali’s local economy using a qualitative method through interviews with tourism business actors. Findings reveal that although Chinese arrivals increase travel volume, the distribution of economic benefits remains uneven. The practice of zero-dollar tourism directs tourists exclusively to services, shops, and restaurants controlled by foreign agencies. Consequently, small and medium enterprises are marginalized, while cross-border digital payment systems such as WeChat Pay and Alipay exacerbate economic leakage since transactions bypass local financial systems and regional tax contributions. From an international relations perspective, tourism should serve as an instrument of cultural and economic diplomacy. However, this research indicates that Chinese tourists show relatively low cultural engagement with Bali, treating local traditions more as exotic spectacles than meaningful experiences. As a result, interactions tend to be transactional rather than transformational, weakening tourism’s potential as a medium for inclusive cultural exchange. Therefore, Chinese tourism in Bali represents both opportunities and challenges. The government must implement stronger regulations and promote a pentahelix collaboration among state, businesses, communities, academics, and the private sector. Such synergy is essential to develop fair and sustainable tourism while strengthening Indonesia’s economic diplomacy within bilateral cooperation with China.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4593 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6846'

Anti Nurul Fitriyani ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 300 323 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4593 PENGARUH KONFLIK INTERNAL DAN TERORISME TERHADAP STABILITAS KEAMANAN DI KAWASAN SUB-SAHARA AFRIKA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4608 Almost every part of the African continent is plagued by insecurity triggered by political instability, both caused by the state and parties opposing the state. The latest data from the Uppsala Conflict Program, Global Terrorism Database, United States Institute for Peace, reveals that between 1970 - 2020 there were many armed conflicts, rebellions, and terrorism, in Africa becoming so unstable that it hampers its ability to develop for the African continent and beyond. Therefore, this study will focus on how internal conflict and terrorism that occur in Africa, especially in the Sub-Saharan Region, have an impact on the stability of regional security. In addition, this study will also discuss how the impact of internal conflict and terrorism on security stability in Sub-Saharan Africa. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with research techniques using observational methods and literature studies. The results of the study show that there is a close relationship between terrorism and internal conflict, where the two often reinforce each other. Terrorist groups and criminals often rely on the spread of weapons and weak borders to carry out their actions. Terrorism and internal conflict pose serious risks to national and international security. These acts threaten political stability, economic growth, and social cohesion, as well as causing deaths and property damage. Therefore, resolving these issues is essential to maintaining stability and peace.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4608 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6861'

Sudarso Pursito ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 324 344 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4608 KEPENTINGAN NASIONAL AMERIKA SERIKAT DI KAWASAN RI-PNG MELALUI PEMBANGUNAN PANGKALAN MILITER DI PORT MORESBY https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4594 This abstract examines the national interests of the United States in the Republic of Indonesia (RI) and Papua New Guinea (PNG) region through the establishment of a military base in Port Moresby. The analysis explores the strategic motivations of the US, including efforts to counterbalance the regional influence of other powers, secure maritime trade routes, and enhance power projection capabilities in the South Pacific. Furthermore, this abstract investigates the implications of this military base development on regional security dynamics, bilateral relations between the US and RI and PNG, as well as its potential impact on the sovereignty and stability of the region. By considering geopolitical and security perspectives, this research aims to understand how this US initiative reflects and advances its national interests amidst the evolving geostrategic landscape of the Indo-Pacific.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4594 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6847'

Reza Kusuma Wardana ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 345 360 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4594 DAMPAK KERJA SAMA PERTAHANAN INDONESIA DENGAN TURKI TERKAIT DENGAN PENGADAAN ALUTSISTA MODERN https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4584 In response to global security dynamics and national defense challenges, Indonesia has actively established defense cooperation with various countries, including Turkey. This study aims to analyze the impact of defense cooperation between Indonesia and Turkey on the procurement of modern primary weapon systems (alutsista). The research is grounded in the importance of defense diplomacy as a key instrument of international relations to support national interests, particularly in modernizing military capabilities. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach focusing on the strategic cooperation between Indonesia and Turkey, especially in joint development projects such as the Harimau medium tank and other defense systems. Data were collected through literature reviews, official documents, and interviews with relevant stakeholders.The results indicate that this defense cooperation has significantly contributed to technology transfer and the development of Indonesia's domestic defense industry capacity. Moreover, it has strengthened Indonesia's position in achieving defense self-reliance and enhancing military diplomacy. However, challenges remain in terms of regulatory frameworks, funding, and the sustainability of cooperation, which need to be addressed to maximize its positive impact.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4584 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6837'

Andi Baso Pabeangi ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 361 372 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4584 STRATEGI KEAMANAN DAN PERTAHANAN REGIONAL AFRIKA STUDI KASUS PERAN UNI AFRIKA DALAM MENGATASI KONFLIK DAN ANCAMAN NON-TRADISIONAL PERIODE 2022 - 2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4613 Regional security and defense are crucial aspects of maintaining stability in various regions, especially in the modern era marked by both conventional and non-traditional threats. This study highlights security dynamics across different global regions, with a primary focus on Africa, where armed conflicts, extremism, and transnational crimes remain significant challenges. The African Union (AU) plays a central role in addressing these threats through collective security strategies, conflict mediation, and peacekeeping missions such as the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). Additionally, the AU is actively involved in counterterrorism efforts and enhancing the military capacity of member states through the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) policy. However, several challenges persist, including financial constraints, lack of coordination among member states, and external influences that often complicate security situations. To enhance its effectiveness, the AU needs to strengthen institutional structures, improve financial capacity, and deepen cooperation with international organizations and local actors. This study emphasizes that the success of Africa’s regional security and defense strategies heavily depends on the collective commitment of African nations to address shared challenges and strengthen regional integration. Thus, the African Union can establish itself as a key actor in fostering sustainable stability and security across the continent.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4613 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6866'

Rezha Murti Permana ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 373 385 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4613 PENGARUH ALIANSI AUKUS TERHADAP DINAMIKA KEAMANAN UNI EROPA 2021-2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4595 Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States have formed an international security agreement summarized in the AUKUS Pact. The pact covers cooperation in artificial intelligence, cyber, quantum, underwater systems, and long-range strike capabilities, which will take place over the next 18 months. The purpose of this agreement is to counterbalance China's military power, which is considered to be expanding and potentially threatening the Indo-Pacific region. Looking at the contents of the agreement, it appears that Australia has the potential to build nuclear-powered submarines with the help of technology from the United Kingdom and the United States. This has caused unrest in the Indo-Pacific region due to concerns that the region will experience a security dilemma in terms of military power. China has not remained silent and has criticized the implementation of the AUKUS pact, saying it could disrupt regional stability. In conducting identification and analysis, this study applies a neo-realist approach and the concept of national interest. Through qualitative research methods, this study shows that the United States has not yet been able to escape its Cold War mentality. The United States has a vested interest in preventing China from increasing its military strength due to competition between the two countries in both the economic and technological sectors.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4595 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6848'

Bagoes Arief Darmawan ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 386 397 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4595 KERJASAMA PERTAHANAN INDIA – RRT DALAM PENGELOLAAN PERBATASAN KEDUA NEGARA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4624 This research contains an analysis of India's interests in defense cooperation with China regarding border issues. Interest analysis by looking at the articles or articles contained in the cooperation agreement between India and China. Writing this research using literature from various sources and media. The method used in this paper is descriptive qualitative analysis. India's interest in defense cooperation with China regarding border issues is to achieve border security and overcome the problem of smuggling or smuggling. This interest analysis uses the framework of various concepts, namely neorealism, the concept of bilateral relations, the concept of security, national interests and security cooperation.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4624 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6877'

Samsul Huda ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 398 410 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4624 KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA TERKAIT MISI PEMELIHARAAN PERDAMAIAN PERSERIKATAN BANGSA-BANGSA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4623 Indonesia's foreign policy under the administration of President SBY in the first period showed a positive direction. This change is shown by the more active Indonesia in contributing various ideas in international fora and in relation to interactions with other countries. The policy regarding sending peacekeeping missions under the umbrella of the United Nations has been in the spotlight along with the vision of President SBY to make Indonesia a Top Ten Troops Contribution Country. This policy certainly cannot be separated from input in both external and internal contexts, therefore this study analyzes the foreign policy determinants of President SBY related to increasing Indonesia's contribution to the UN peacekeeping mission using the theory proposed by James Rossenau. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach to collect primary data in the form of interviews and literature studies related to the determinants of Indonesia's foreign policy. Based on the research conducted, it is found that there are several factors that determine Indonesia's foreign policy related to increasing contributions to the UN peacekeeping mission during the 2004-2009 period of President SBY's administration as described by Rossenau, namely; systemic factors related to Indonesia's interaction with its international environment, government bureaucratic factors related to the encouragement and aspirations of stakeholders, in this case the democratic party as the ruling party, the TNI elite, and strategic industries and finally the ideosyncretic factors that are the most dominant in determining The foreign policy is related to the personal experience of President SBY, who served as head of military supervisor while he was still an active member of the TNI. Meanwhile, societal/community factors are not a determinant in the formulation of policies related to increasing Indonesia's contribution to the UN peacekeeping mission in the era of President SBY's administration for the 2009-2014 period.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4623 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6876'

Rico Sanjoko ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 411 424 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4623 PERKEMBANGAN SIBER DAN DOMINASI TEKNOLOGI MILITER CHINA DALAM GEOPOLITIK DI KAWASAN https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4622 This research examines the development of cyber capabilities and China's dominance in military technology within the geopolitical dynamics of the Indo-Pacific region. Using the theoretical approaches of realism, Power Transition Theory, Security Dilemma, as well as the concepts of hegemony and Security Complex Theory, this study analyzes China's cyber warfare strategies and the implications of its technological dominance on regional security stability. The findings reveal that China employs cyber warfare strategies, including hacking operations, espionage, disinformation, and digital media manipulation, to strengthen its influence. China's military technological dominance has also triggered responses from regional states, escalating geopolitical tensions and accelerating the arms race. Alliances such as the Quad and AUKUS have emerged as countermeasures against this growing influence. In conclusion, without effective de-escalation mechanisms, China's technological dominance poses a risk of increasing conflict. Therefore, more adaptive diplomatic strategies and security cooperation are needed to maintain stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4622 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6875'

Raden Kresna Effendy ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 425 434 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4622 DINAMIKA RIVALITAS CHINA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM MENANGGAPI KEAMANAN SELAT TAIWAN https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4621 The dynamics that occur in the Asian region are a concern for countries in the world. Especially in the Taiwan Strait, which is the link between Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific. This strait is strategic because of this and has historical importance for China and Taiwan. The presence of the United States in this region gives a signal to China not to take actions that can disrupt regional stability. However, the presence of the United States and its allies is not liked because it is considered as an intervention by the United States against China. This study aims to examine the Rivalry of China and the United States against Taiwan Strait Security. This rivalry can cause the stability of the area to be disturbed. The researcher uses the theory of national interest to see how steps are taken by countries that are involved in interests. The results of this study conclude that the conflict between China-Taiwan is caused by fundamental differences in views regarding the status of Taiwan so that the two fail to find common ground between the two. Rivalry in the Taiwan Strait will continue to increase if the United States and China prioritize strength over diplomacy.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4621 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6874'

Prayudy Yusga Sudarno ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 435 447 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4621 PEMBERIAN CLIMATE FINANCE UNTUK PERUBAHAN IKLIM DARI UNFCCC KEPADA MELANESIAN SPEARHEAD GROUP (MSG) https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4620 This thesis examines the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) as a forum of countries in the Melanesian region that receive Climate Finance Grants in accordance with the agreements under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Climate Finance scheme is utilized to support the funding of mitigation and adaptation policies related to climate change among MSG member states. The research method applied in this study is qualitative. The researcher also conducted a literature review by referring to various secondary data sources, primarily journals, books, and credible and relevant media outlets. The analytical process in this research employs international relations theories such as liberalism, as well as the concepts of regionalism and international regimes. The findings indicate that addressing climate change challenges particularly for developing countries with limited financial resources requires significant financial support from external parties. This also poses a challenge for MSG member countries. Through the allocation of budgets under Climate Finance policies, MSG countries are able to implement various strategies to confront the threats posed by climate change. Although MSG member states share common objectives in implementing climate policies, they differ in terms of the strategies and goals they aim to achieve.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4620 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6873'

Fajar Fitrianto ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 448 455 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4620 ANALISIS FAKTOR PENDORONG KEPENTINGAN NASIONAL FILIPINA DALAM KERJA SAMA PERTAHANAN DENGAN AMERIKA SERIKAT PADA PERIODE 2021-2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4616 The beginning of Philippine independence provided several domestic problems that were quite difficult to overcome by themselves, so that in the end the Philippines opened a partnership or bilateral cooperation with the United States to assist their post-independence domestic development. Apart from helping their domestic development, the Philippines also needs US assistance in developing its military capabilities to fight various threats such as separatist movements in the southern region and disputes with China in the South China Sea region. However, the Duterte leadership said that the Philippines wanted to get rid of their dependence on the United States and wanted to live in full sovereignty. In the end, it becomes a question of what drives national interests that make the Philippines maintain defense cooperation with the United States. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis type, the data analysis technique used in this study was through library research and observation. In conclusion, there is a national interest in the form of domestic development and maritime security in the South China Sea region.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4616 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6869'

Muhamad Bassarewan ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 456 463 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4616 DAMPAK PERANG RUSIA UKRAINA TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN ENERGI JERMAN https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4617 Energy security is part of the country's needs in sustaining life, so that energy is part of the country's own priorities. This is because the existence of a country's energy has an influence on various sectors, including security and energy. This research will discuss energy security in Germany after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This study uses the theory of realism, energy security and national interests with a descriptive qualitative research type. It was found that the invasion that was carried out and became a conflict had a significant impact on energy security in Germany. This is because Russia is the main energy supply country to Germany. This then causes Germany to experience a threat to energy security. The actions taken by Germany are to become an independent country by improving infrastructure and establishing policies related to energy use in the domestic sphere.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4617 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6870'

Aditya Ridwan Maulana ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 464 479 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4617 PENGEMBANGAN KAPASITAS MILITER AUSTRALIA DALAM MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN KEAMANAN CHINA TAHUN 2022 - 2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4618 The development of Australia's military capacity in the face of security challenges posed by the rise of China between 2022 and 2024 is a major focus in the country's defense policy. In the face of potential threats from China, Australia applies an approach that combines neorealism theory and the concept of balance of power to strengthen its defense capacity. This research aims to understand the relationship between international relations theory, defense policy, and military strengthening practices amidst growing geopolitical tensions. Neorealism, with its focus on an international system based on anarchy and power competition, views strengthening military capabilities as a strategic step to counterbalance China's rise as the dominant power in the Indo-Pacific region. Within the balance of power framework, Australia seeks to strengthen alliances with major countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom through the AUKUS and Quad alliances, as well as strengthen its dissuasive capabilities through increasing the defense budget and developing advanced defense equipment such as nuclear-powered submarines. On the other hand, the securitization process is applied to position the threat from China as an issue that requires extraordinary action, which is reflected in aggressive defense policies and strengthening military capacity. This thesis analyzes how Australia responds to the dynamics of power changes in the region and develops defense strategies to anticipate threats from China.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4618 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6871'

Alex Siswoyo ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 480 494 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4618 PANDANGAN TIONGKOK ATAS KETERLIBATAN AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM PROSES PENYATUAN TIONGKOK DAN TAIWAN https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4619 Taiwan's state status is still questionable because many countries have not recognized Taiwan as a country, because China has always used the 'One China Policy' principle so that many Chinese people still think that Taiwan is a province of Fujian which is still in rebellion, while Taiwan calls itself a country. which already stands alone that China does not want to be compared to. Responding to the problem of relations between the United States and Taiwan, Xi Jinping, who is the president of China, issued tough sanctions against the United States, especially when there was a plan by the United States to sell military equipment to the Taiwanese government, the sale was a form of United States support for Taiwan's defense capabilities. to strengthen air and sea security. The existence of various interventions carried out by the US in the China-Taiwan reunification process made China furious, this gave rise to various foreign policies that were very vocal for both Taiwan and the US. The researcher uses the Neo-Realism approach because in it there is an assumption that the international system is an anarchic system, there is no entity above the state that can govern the state. The neo-realism view also explains the existence of a balance of power in which there are various concepts of power that can balance world power. In addition, researchers also use the concept of foreign policy, the concept of the concept of national interest, and the concept of intervention. Researchers will use descriptive qualitative research methods.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4619 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6872'

Ariestyo Ardyanto ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 495 506 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4619 KEPENTINGAN HUNGARIA DALAM MENOLAK PENGIRIMAN BANTUAN MILITER DAN EKONOMI TERHADAP UKRAINA TAHUN 2022 - 2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4585 The Russia-Ukraine war that has been going on since 2022 has been going on for quite a long time with its impact spreading to the surrounding regions, so that several countries and parties have begun to respond to this condition. The European Union and NATO are some of the parties that have responded to this conflict by imposing sanctions on Russia and sending military and economic aid to Ukraine, but not all member countries of the alliance agree with this policy. Hungary is one of the countries that strongly rejects sanctions against Russia and the provision of military and economic aid to Ukraine, which Hungary sees as only worsening the conflict. This study aims to analyze the national interests of Hungary so that it rejects military and economic aid issued by NATO and the European Union. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive research method with library method data collection, the main approach used is neorealism supported by the concept of national interest. The results of this study indicate that the national interests of Hungary are related to its harmonious relationship with Russia and their dependence on the economy and energy since the past.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4585 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6838'

Anugrah Agung W. A. ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 507 516 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4585 PERAN TNI AD SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN DIPLOMASI PERTAHANAN : STUDI KASUS MISI PERDAMAIAN PBB DI AFRIKA (MONUSCO) TAHUN 2021-2022 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4586 This study analyzes the role of the Indonesian National Army (TNI AD) as an instrument of defense diplomacy through a case study of the United Nations Peacekeeping Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO) during 2021–2022. Employing a qualitative case study approach and literature review, the research integrates Realism, Defense Diplomacy, and Constructivism theories to explain the strategic, operational, and normative dimensions of TNI AD’s involvement. The findings indicate that TNI AD’s role in MONUSCO extends beyond security functions to include infrastructure development, humanitarian assistance, and strengthening relations with local communities. Such involvement contributes to Indonesia’s positive image, enhances soft power, and strengthens its position in global diplomacy. However, a gap is identified between field practices (das sein) and normative ideals (das sollen), particularly in inter-agency synergy and the use of mission outcomes as long-term diplomatic tools. The study recommends enhancing military diplomacy capacity, integrating defense and foreign policy strategies, and conducting systematic evaluations to maximize TNI AD’s role in global diplomacy.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4586 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6839'

Arief Ridwan Adhiguna ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 517 530 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4586 PERAN INDONESIA DALAM MENANGANI KORBAN PERANG DI PALESTINA TAHUN 2021-2025 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4587 This study examines Indonesia’s role in assisting war victims in Palestine during the 2021–2025 period, amidst escalating conflicts that began with the Sheikh Jarrah incident and clashes at Al-Aqsa Mosque, culminating in the large-scale war of October 2023. It outlines the dynamics of the Israel–Palestine conflict, ceasefire efforts, and Indonesia’s role through political diplomacy and humanitarian aid covering health, food, education, and infrastructure reconstruction sectors. Applying the theories of liberalism, free and active foreign policy, diplomacy, and human security, the study analyzes the impacts and challenges faced by Indonesia in delivering aid under the constraints of blockades and Palestinian political fragmentation. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s role is consistent and strategic, albeit limited in altering the political situation, yet providing tangible contributions to saving lives, restoring infrastructure, and keeping the Palestinian issue on the international agenda.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4587 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6840'

Dedy Dwi Cahyadi ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 531 542 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4587 PENGARUH KERJASAMA BILATERAL INDONESIA DAN AUSTRALIA DALAM MENANGANI PRAKTIK ILLEGAL FISHING PERIODE 2020-2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4588 This study examines the impact of bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Australia in addressing illegal fishing practices during the 2020–2024 period. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review, the research analyzes official documents such as the 1974 MoU Box, reports from KKP and AFMA, and academic publications. Findings indicate that this cooperation significantly reduced violations through joint patrols, intelligence sharing, and coastal community empowerment. However, challenges like limited resources, overlapping authorities, and geopolitical dynamics hinder policy effectiveness. The study recommends strengthening cross-sector coordination, optimizing monitoring technology, and enhancing law enforcement capacity. This bilateral cooperation is expected to serve as a model for sustainable and equitable transboundary fisheries management.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4588 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6841'

Dimas Prasetyo ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 543 554 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4588 KERJA SAMA PERTAHANAN JEPANG DAN FILIPINA DALAM MENGHADAPI ESKALASI KETEGANGAN DI LAUT CHINA SELATAN https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4589 The South China Sea has become a strategic region prone to conflict due to China’s unilateral claims, which are opposed by neighboring countries including the Philippines. Japan, although not a direct claimant, has actively pursued defense cooperation with the Philippines in response to China’s growing military activities. This study departs from the assumption that the cooperation is not merely symbolic, but strategically significant in maintaining regional stability. The research adopts a realist perspective and the concept of national interest to examine how both countries respond rationally to external threats. Using a qualitative method that combines literature review and interviews, the study finds that Japan–Philippines defense cooperation including the signing of the Reciprocal Access Agreement (RAA) and joint military exercises—aims to enhance deterrence against China. Furthermore, this partnership strengthens Japan’s influence in the Indo-Pacific security architecture. The findings suggest that such cooperation not only bolsters the strategic position of both countries, but also reflects a consistent effort to balance power in a maritime region shaped by geopolitical rivalry.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4589 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6842'

Fahmi Eko Marthanto ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 555 563 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4589 PERAN INDONESIA DALAM PENYELESAIAN KRISIS DI MYANMAR 2021-2022 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4591 As a country that is experiencing conflict, it is Indonesia's obligation as a member of ASEAN to try to help resolve the conflict. Indonesia took an active role in efforts to overcome the crisis and violence that occurred in Myanmar after the military coup. Indonesia's role is highly anticipated by other countries in the region. In its implementation, Indonesia used various approaches to contribute to the resolution of the Myanmar military coup in 2021. This research uses a qualitative method, which aims to explore and understand the meaning given by individuals or groups to certain social and humanitarian problems.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4591 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6844'

Hanura Krista K. ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 564 576 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4591 PERAN PERANCIS DALAM PROSES PERDAMAIAN DI MALI TAHUN 2020 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4625 Africa and the conflict seemed to have become a partner can not be separated from one another, it is no exaggeration when look reality in the continent these days. Various conflicts that occur both internally and between countries become constellation can not be separated from politics this region. So it is not surprising that these conditions provoke the presence of foreigners who come to promote peace. As is the case with what is experienced by Mali, where the internal conflict that ensues brings France to become involved in the conflict. French involvement in the conflicts in Mali becomes an interesting phenomenon to be analyzed. Which in this study will attempt to analyze the factors behind France 's involvement in the conflict in Mali. In analyzing the issues raised in this paper researchers used a realistic approach with a few concepts to assist researchers in understanding the phenomena that take place between them the concept of national interest, the concept of intervention, foreign policy, regional security as well as tools of analysis using a two -level game theory. In writing this using a type of qualitative research where data are available to support the analysis of secondary data derived from litelatur form or document. The results of this study found that there are two factors that drive the measures taken by the French government decided to get involved in the intervention in Mali. The driving factors associated with the encouragement that comes from domestic or domestic and encouragement of foreign or international. The driving factor in the domestic level including the implementation of a leadership assertion newly elected President Macron, France and the demands of society which needs a lot of uranium owned by Mali. While external factors that drive the French decided to intervene in Mali is to stem China being oriented to Africa, demand from the government of Mali and affirming the French influence in North Africa.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4625 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6878'

Rudi Haryono Prihartono ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 577 587 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4625 KERJASAMA INGGRIS-ARAB SAUDI DALAM BIDANG INDUSTRI PERTAHANAN TAHUN 2014-2017 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4590 This study examines the United Kingdom-Saudi Arabia defense industry cooperation during 2014–2017, focusing on the political, economic, and security factors driving the relationship. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and the Neorealism framework, it highlights how the UK leverages arms exports to sustain its defense industry and maintain influence in the Middle East, while Saudi Arabia views arms procurement as a strategy to strengthen military capabilities amid regional conflicts, particularly in Yemen. The research also assesses the implications of the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) on the UK’s export practices, given allegations of human rights violations by Saudi Arabia. Findings reveal that despite international pressure to halt arms sales, the UK continues cooperation due to national interest considerations. These results reflect the ethical and strategic dilemmas in international relations when economic and security interests intersect with human rights norms.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4590 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6843'

Fathan Adi Rahmanto ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 588 599 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4590 DAMPAK AMERIKA SERIKAT KELUAR DARI PERJANJIAN INTERMEDIATE-RANGE NUCLEAR FORCES (INF) TERHADAP STABILITAS KEAMANAN GLOBAL https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4592 This study analyzes the impact of the United States’ withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty on August 2, 2019, on global security stability. Signed in 1987 by the US and the Soviet Union, the INF Treaty marked a milestone in controlling intermediate-range nuclear weapons. The US withdrawal was based on allegations of Russian violations, particularly the development of the 9M729 missile, which Russia denied. This decision sparked concerns among major powers, especially in Europe and the Asia-Pacific, about the resurgence of an arms race reminiscent of the Cold War. The impacts include heightened military tensions in Eastern Europe, strategic dilemmas for NATO members, and potential missile competition escalation in the Asia-Pacific between the US and China. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature study, this research identifies implications for the military and environmental sectors, and examines shifts in international alliance patterns. The findings reveal that the US exit from the INF weakens arms control regimes, increases the risk of strategic instability, and encourages offensive defense policies by major powers. The study recommends multilateral diplomacy to reduce escalation and build a new inclusive arms control regime.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4592 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6845'

Helmi Awan ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 600 613 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4592 RESPON RUSIA TERHADAP SANKSI YANG DIBERLAKUKAN OLEH NATO PASCA-ANEKSASI CRIMEA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4569 The Crimea referendum decision was considered an illegal decision, and was considered an annexation attempt by Russia. Many countries do not recognize and even condemn the results of the referendum, but Vladimir Putin is not afraid and even continues to sign the law legalizing Crimea as part of Russia. The United States is one of the countries most opposed to the results of the referendum, as a form of disapproval of the United States to the referendum which is considered illegal. The United States imposes sanctions in the form of an economic embargo on Russia, with the intention of weakening Russia from its economic sector, the United States even cooperates with the European Union with a view to narrowing Russia's trading partners, of which the European Union is Russia's largest trading partner, Russia will thereby lose its market in the European Union. The embargo given by the United States to Russia was in the form of: Prohibition of Visas and Freezing of Assets for Russian officials and businessmen, as well as for Russian-owned companies, embargoes in the sector of Sanctions in Russia's financial, industrial and defense sectors, as well as expulsion of Russia from membership G-8. This made Russia implement several foreign policies to overcome these sanctions. This research will further discuss how the foreign policy issued by Russia. Researchers use the neorealism approach, the concept of national interest, and the concept of international cooperation. These concepts will later assist researchers in strengthening research assumptions from existing data. The method used for this research is a qualitative research method.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4569 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6822'

Soelistyo Bawono ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 614 636 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4569 PERAN PASUKAN GARUDA DALAM PROSES PERDAMAIAN DI LEBANON SELATAN https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4609 Garuda Troops are task forces deployed by Indonesia to participate in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions, including the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). This study aims to analyze the role of Garuda Troops in maintaining stability and security in Southern Lebanon in 2022, as well as their contributions to supporting the peace process in the region. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through literature studies, official UNIFIL documents, and interviews with Garuda Troops personnel deployed in Southern Lebanon. The findings indicate that Garuda Troops played a strategic role in security operations, border patrols, demilitarized zone monitoring, and coordination with civilians through the Civil-Military Coordination (CIMIC) program. Furthermore, Garuda Troops were actively involved at the international level. The study concludes that the presence of Garuda Troops in Southern Lebanon significantly contributed to maintaining security stability and strengthening the relationship between UNIFIL and the local community. Throughout their mission, Garuda Troops successfully upheld their national mandate, bringing honor to Indonesia on the international stage and earning various awards for their dedication and professionalism. strategy.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4609 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6862'

Giwantara Prasetya Putra ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 637 644 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4609 FAKTOR PENDORONG PEMBELIAN HELIKOPTER H225M SEBAGAI BENTUK KERJASAMA PERTAHANAN ANTARA INDONESIA DAN PRANCIS https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4610 In the era of globalization, the dynamics of international relations require countries to strengthen their defense systems. Indonesia faces challenges from the increasing military capabilities of neighboring countries, making the modernization of its main defense equipment (alutsista) a pressing necessity. One of Indonesia's strategic moves is to establish defense cooperation with France, a country with an advanced defense industry. Through this cooperation, Indonesia not only procures military equipment but also promotes technology and knowledge transfer (ToT and ToK), as well as long-term training and maintenance. A tangible outcome of this partnership is Indonesia's purchase of the H225M helicopter. This helicopter was chosen for its high operational capability in various missions and its suitability for Indonesia’s geographical and strategic needs. Beyond enhancing the operational capacity of the Indonesian Air Force, this acquisition strengthens bilateral relations between Indonesia and France in the Indo-Pacific security context. The involvement of PT Dirgantara Indonesia (PTDI) in the production process marks progress in developing the domestic defense industry, strengthening self-reliance and reducing import dependence. This cooperation aligns with the implementation of the Minimum Essential Force (MEF) and represents a significant milestone in Indonesia's future defense strategy.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4610 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6863'

Harry Rezeki Utama ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 645 659 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4610 PERAN PASPAMPRES DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP HUBUNGAN BILATERAL RI-KORSEL: STUDI KASUS LATMA DENGAN PRESIDENTIAL SECURITY SERVICE (PSS) KOREA SELATAN TAHUN 2019 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4611 The Presidential Security Force (Paspampres) plays a crucial strategic role not only in protecting the President of Indonesia but also in supporting the country’s defense diplomacy agenda. This article examines the 2019 joint training (Latma) between Paspampres and the Presidential Security Service (PSS) of South Korea as a case study of non-traditional military cooperation. The training was conducted to improve technical capability, build strategic trust, and strengthen bilateral relations. Analyzed using theories of neorealism, national interest, and defense diplomacy, this study reveals that the cooperation reflects Indonesia’s broader strategy to construct a security community in East Asia. It argues that such activities are not merely operational but are part of Indonesia’s diplomatic tools to expand influence and soft power, while enhancing regional security cooperation.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4611 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6864'

Julian Tanjung ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 660 672 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4611 DIPLOMASI BUDAYA INDONESIA MELALUI INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL FESTIVAL DI MADINAH ARAB SAUDI 2023 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4612 Indonesia is an archipelagic country rich in cultural diversity, with its multitude of ethnic groups, languages, and traditions positioning it as a strong actor in global cultural diplomacy. In the era of globalization, soft power approaches through cultural diplomacy serve as vital instruments to strengthen a nation's image. The 2023 International Cultural Festival held at the Islamic University of Madinah presented a strategic opportunity for Indonesia to showcase its cultural wealth through the active participation of Indonesian students. This study aims to examine Indonesia’s cultural diplomacy efforts in Saudi Arabia, particularly through its involvement in the aforementioned festival. It also explores the role of Indonesian students as informal cultural ambassadors and soft power agents in introducing national identity to the international community, as well as their contribution to enhancing Indonesia–Saudi Arabia bilateral relations. While the event highlights the great potential of Indonesian nation branding, the limited support from the government remains a major obstacle in maximizing the impact of such initiatives. This research emphasizes the need for a more systematic strategy and continuous governmental support in empowering the student diaspora as an integral part of Indonesia’s global cultural diplomacy.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4612 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6865'

Muhammad Miftah Kharmain ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 673 683 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4612 DUKUNGAN RUSIA TERHADAP MYANMAR DALAM KONFLIK TAHUN 2021–2022 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4614 This study examines Russia’s national interests in supplying major weapon systems (alutsista) to Myanmar amid the dynamics of international relations following the 2021-2022 military coup. Utilizing an international relation analytical approach, the research highlights how Russia leverages Myanmar’s internal crisis as a strategic opportunity to expand its influence and national interests in Southeast Asia. Russia’s involvement affects not only military aspects but also impedes democratization and reinforces oligarchic structures in Myanmar. The close bilateral relationship reflects mutual support in international forums and opens new opportunities for Russia in the energy and nuclear technology sectors.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4614 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6867'

Septian Derrys Arvianto ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 684 692 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4614 PERAN PBB DALAM MENANGANI KONFLIK ISRAEL-PALESTINA TAHUN 2023 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4596 The United Nations (UN), or commonly known as the UN, is an international organization founded on October 24, 1945 to promote international cooperation. This organization is a replacement for the League of Nations which was founded after World War II to prevent similar conflicts from occurring. At its inception, the UN had 51 member states and now has 193 members. Several international and inter-state institutions, in addition to member states, have permanent observer status at the UN Headquarters, while some only have observer status. The Vatican and Palestine are non-member states that have "Permanent" observer status at the UN. (The Holy See has a "permanent" representative at the UN, while Palestine has a "permanent" office at the UN). The main objectives of the UN are to maintain world peace and security, advance and encourage brotherly relations between nations through respect for human rights, foster international cooperation in economic, social, cultural, and environmental development, become a center for coordinating all joint actions against countries that endanger world peace, provide humanitarian assistance in the event of famine, natural disasters, and armed conflict. In this research the author will use the Liberalism approach, because Liberalism believes that the state is not a unitary actor in international politics but also non-state actors who influence the relationship between one state and another. In addition, researchers will also use the Concept of the Role of International Organizations. The research method used by researchers is a qualitative approach and analytical descriptive research type. This research produces findings that show United Nations (UN) policy in efforts to deal with the Israel-Hamas war in 2023.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4596 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6849'

Nabila Milenia Melati Sulistyo Putri ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 693 705 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4596 KEPENTINGAN NASIONAL SINGAPURA DALAM KERJASAMA DENGAN INDONESIA MELALUI DEFENCE COOPERATION AGREEMENT (DCA) 2022 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4597 Singapore’s national interest in pushing for the realization of the Defence Cooperation Agreement (DCA) with Indonesia, which was re-signed in 2022. Using a qualitative approach grounded in the theories of neorealism, international cooperation, and foreign policy, the research highlights DCA as a strategic tool for Singapore to overcome its limited military training space and strengthen maritime security, particularly in the Malacca Strait. The agreement includes joint exercises, defense technology exchange, and cooperation on non-traditional security threats such as terrorism and transnational crime. For Indonesia, the DCA enhances military capacity and regional diplomatic standing. Although previously delayed due to sovereignty concerns, the agreement was eventually ratified through strategic compromise. This defense partnership reflects the shared commitment of both countries to uphold Southeast Asian regional stability through mutual and constructive collaboration.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4597 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6850'

Rafif Naufal ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 706 716 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4597 KEPENTINGAN AMERIKA SERIKAT DI KAWASAN ASIA PASIFIK DALAM PENINGKATAN KERJA SAMA PERTAHANAN DENGAN INDONESIA TAHUN 2020-2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4581 The evolving dynamics of security and geopolitics in the Asia-Pacific region have become a key factor contributing to regional instability, with the rivalry between the United States and China emerging as one of the most significant security issues in the area. In this context, the United States has pursued defense cooperation as one of its key strategic approaches in the region, with Indonesia becoming a significant partner in this effort. This study aims to analyze the national interests of the United States in enhancing defense cooperation with Indonesia, particularly following the signing of the Defence Cooperation Arrangement (DCA) in 2023, which serves as an updated foundation for bilateral defense collaboration. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through literature reviews. Neorealism serves as the theoretical framework for addressing the study’s core issues, with national interest as the primary concept. The findings show that the United States holds several key interests in the region. First, to counter China’s expansion in the area and to restore the legitimacy of U.S. influence. Second, to reaffirm the reliability of U.S. defense systems and equipment, which has implications for the defense industry and economic growth.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4581 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6834'

Praditya Yoga Harsono Putra ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 717 733 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4581 KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI CHINA TERKAIT KONFLIK RUSIA DAN UKRAINA TAHUN 2022-2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4577 Foreign policy is one of the key scopes within International Relations that examines how a country responds to an issue occurring within its territory that concerns another country or actor, or an issue in another country that affects the international system. This study examines China’s foreign policy in the context of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. It discusses the dualism in China’s foreign policy toward both conflicting countries, which has significant implications for China’s domestic conditions, bilateral relations, the international community’s response, and even the conflict itself. China, as Russia’s strongest ally, provides support, including in the military field; yet at the same time, China also strengthens cooperation with Ukraine and supports peace between Russia and Ukraine. This research adopts the perspective of Classical Neo-Realism and Foreign Policy Determinants further to examine the implications of this dualistic foreign policy stance.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4577 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6830'

Ery Sudigdo ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 734 756 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4577 KERJA SAMA BILATERAL INDONESIA-MALAYSIA DALAM PENGAMANAN PERBATASAN MELALUI PATROLI TERKOORDINASI DI KALIMANTAN BARAT TAHUN 2023-2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4579 This study examines the bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Malaysia in securing the land border in West Kalimantan through coordinated patrols between the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and the Malaysian Army (TDM) during 2023–2024. As a strategic area vulnerable to non-traditional threats such as smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal border crossings, border management requires a collaborative cross-border approach. Based on the researcher’s direct experience in the Border Security Task Force (Satgas Pamtas), this study analyzes the dynamics of patrol implementation, its effectiveness in maintaining stability, and the operational challenges encountered. Using theoretical frameworks of international cooperation, non-traditional security, and border security, the findings show that coordinated patrols enhance strategic trust, reduce border violations, and strengthen defense diplomacy between the two countries. However, effectiveness is still influenced by technical factors such as differences in SOPs, limited infrastructure, and lack of technological integration and community involvement. This study recommends strengthening institutional coordination, utilizing surveillance technology, and adopting community-based approaches to improve the effectiveness of border security cooperation in the future.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4579 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6832'

Ery Setiawan ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 757 773 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4579 KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM MENJAGA STABILITAS KEAMANAN KAWASAN ASIA TIMUR PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN JOE BIDEN https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4598 East Asia presents a highly complex security landscape shaped by great power rivalry, historical tensions, and overlapping strategic interests. Post-Cold War U.S. intervention has led to the formation of security alliances with Japan and South Korea, primarily in response to the North Korean threat and the growing military influence of China. Conversely, China views these alliances as containment efforts, prompting an arms race and exacerbating the regional security dilemma. Territorial disputes, the Taiwan issue, and tensions on the Korean Peninsula further destabilize the region. Within this context, the United States has designated East Asia as a strategic priority under its Indo-Pacific Strategy, guided by neorealist principles and national interest. The intricacy of inter-state relations hinders effective cooperation, thereby sustaining a high potential for conflict and regional instability.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4598 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6851'

Yuliawan Diceu Komarayudha ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 774 788 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4598 KEPENTINGAN NASIONAL TURKI DALAM KONFLIK NAGORNO – KARABAKH TAHUN 2020-2023 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4599 The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, rooted in ethnic and territorial disputes between Armenia and Azerbaijan, has remained unresolved since the late Soviet era. Turkey has taken a firm position in support of Azerbaijan, driven by ethnic, cultural, and geopolitical proximity. This study aims to examine Turkey’s national interests in the 2020–2023 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, focusing on its security concerns, regional political ambitions, energy needs, and foreign policy strategy. Using a qualitative, descriptive-analytical method, the research analyzes Turkey’s involvement through military aid, economic cooperation, and regional diplomacy. The theoretical framework is based on neorealism, emphasizing the anarchic nature of international politics and the necessity for power balancing. Turkey's engagement is interpreted as both an internal strategic necessity and a response to regional power dynamics, particularly its rivalry with Russia. Additionally, the study applies the concepts of national interest and foreign policy behavior, arguing that Turkey’s actions reflect a broader ambition to become a dominant regional power. By supporting Azerbaijan, Turkey not only strengthens bilateral relations but also expands its influence in the South Caucasus. The research concludes that Turkey's involvement in the conflict is a calculated geopolitical move to secure its long-term strategic and economic interests in the region.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4599 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6852'

Zulfikar Aditya Rahman ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 789 799 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4599 KERJASAMA PERTAHANAN INDONESIA DAN CHINA TAHUN 2022-2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4567 This study explores the evolving defense cooperation between Indonesia and China from 2022 to 2024, amid shifting geopolitical dynamics in the Indo-Pacific region. It investigates the underlying motivations, forms of collaboration, and challenges faced in the implementation process. Adopting a qualitative descriptive approach, the research highlights key areas of interaction, including joint military training, defense technology transfer, and defense diplomacy. The findings reveal that mutual strategic interests such as regional stability, capacity building, and strengthened bilateral relations serve as major driving forces. Nonetheless, tensions related to the South China Sea, diverging national interests, and domestic political dynamics remain as constraints. The study offers a nuanced understanding of how strategic trust and long-term vision can foster more effective defense partnerships in a contested regional landscape.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4567 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6820'

Sofyan Ardiyanto ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 800 810 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4567 DIPLOMASI PUBLIK BELANDA TERHADAP INDONESIA DENGAN INSTRUMEN SEPAKBOLA MELALUI PROGRAM ORANJE INDONESIA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4583 The evolving dynamics of security and geopolitics in the Asia-Pacific region have become a key factor contributing to regional instability, with the rivalry between the United States and China emerging as one of the most significant security issues in the area. In this context, the United States has pursued defense cooperation as one of its key strategic approaches in the region, with Indonesia becoming a significant partner in this effort. This study aims to analyze the national interests of the United States in enhancing defense cooperation with Indonesia, particularly following the signing of the Defence Cooperation Arrangement (DCA) in 2023, which serves as an updated foundation for bilateral defense collaboration. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through literature reviews. Neorealism serves as the theoretical framework for addressing the study’s core issues, with national interest as the primary concept. The findings show that the United States holds several key interests in the region. First, to counter China’s expansion in the area and to restore the legitimacy of U.S. influence. Second, to reaffirm the reliability of U.S. defense systems and equipment, which has implications for the defense industry and economic growth.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4583 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6836'

Abdul Aziz Lutfi Akbar ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 811 825 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4583 FAKTOR KERJA SAMA MILITER AMERIKA SERIKAT–UKRAINA DALAM PERANG MELAWAN RUSIA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4615 This study analyzes the forms and strategies of U.S. defense diplomacy toward Ukraine and its impact on the dynamics of the Ukraine-Russia conflict. Utilizing the realist approach, balance of power theory, security dilemma concept, and national interest, this research aims to understand how strategic interactions between the United States, Ukraine, and Russia influence regional stability and global geopolitics. The findings indicate that U.S. defense diplomacy toward Ukraine reflects a strategy to reinforce the balance of power in Eastern Europe. Military aid, including the provision of M1 Abrams tanks and other advanced weapon systems, has enhanced Ukraine’s defense capabilities but also provoked a strong response from Russia. In retaliation, Russia has intensified military operations, implemented hybrid warfare strategies, and imposed economic sanctions against countries supporting Ukraine. This conflict escalation underscores the dynamics of the security dilemma, where each attempt to enhance security by one party is perceived as a threat by the other, thereby exacerbating geopolitical tensions. This study also provides several policy recommendations, including the need for a more balanced diplomatic approach, reassessment of military aid strategies, and strengthening the role of international organizations in mitigating the conflict. Furthermore, future research is encouraged to analyze the long-term impact of the U.S.-Ukraine strategic alliance on global stability and compare similar strategies in other conflict-prone regions.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4615 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6868'

Wicaksana Hastu Nugraha ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 826 841 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4615 DINAMIKA GEOPOLITIK DAN IMPLIKASINYA: ANALISIS RIVALITAS AS-RRT DI LAUT CHINA SELATAN TERHADAP KEPENTINGAN INDONESIA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4600 This study aims to analyze the geopolitical dynamics and rivalry between the United States (US) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the South China Sea and its implications for Indonesia's strategic interests. The South China Sea is a highly strategic area rich in natural resources, making it a focal point of power struggle between these two major powers. Although Indonesia is not directly involved in the territorial disputes in the South China Sea, the rivalry between the US and the PRC impacts Indonesia, particularly in terms of territorial sovereignty, maritime economy, and regional stability. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, analyzing official documents, scholarly publications, and relevant reports. The primary focus of this study is to identify the military, economic, and diplomatic strategies employed by the US and the PRC in the region and their effects on Indonesia. This study also examines Indonesia's foreign policy response in maintaining neutrality and addressing the challenges posed by the rivalry between the two great powers. The findings of this research are expected to provide a deeper understanding of Indonesia's role in maintaining regional stability and strengthening its adaptive foreign policy in response to the evolving global geopolitical landscape.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4600 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6853'

Putra Iman Didada ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-09-24 2025-09-24 2 1 842 857 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4600 STRATEGI DIPLOMASI PERTAHANAN INDIA DI KAWASAN SAMUDERA HINDIA 2021-2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4601 The Indian Ocean is an important water for India where 97% of the country's trade passes through the sea route. This ocean has also transformed into an arena that attracts the attention of both countries in the region and external countries where non-state actors such as piracy, illegal fishing, and other criminal actors. This is exacerbated by the presence of superpower countries such as China which are starting to increase their influence in the Indian Ocean which will increase the potential of the Indian Ocean to become the arena of competition for superpower countries. Guarding sea borders is not as easy as guarding land borders, so it is very difficult for India to be able to maintain maritime security in the Indian Ocean. Thus, India needs help from various countries, especially countries in the Indian Ocean. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying what diplomatic steps have been taken by India in the period 2021 to 2024, in responding to developments in threats in the Indian Ocean region. Where the results of this study show that India's efforts to strengthen its influence in the Indian Ocean can be said to be quite slow due to a lack of solidarity among member countries and the division of India's focus on maintaining its land borders with China and Pakistan. India needs to demonstrate its role as a leader in the Indian Ocean region and must be able to compete with China's influence before countries in the region begin to depend on China. SAGAR is a policy that can be a solution to this problem, however, SAGAR still has its own challenges where its implementation which tends to be slow can reduce the trust of the Indian Ocean countries towards India

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4601 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6854'

Alva Raksa Atara ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 858 878 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4601 MODERNISASI DAN RESTRUKTURISASI MILITER TIONGKOK YANG BERKELAS DUNIA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4607 Dalam kajian Hubungan Internasional, power menjadi hal yang sangat penting sebagai sumber daya dalam menjalin hubungan antar negara. Kapabilitas negara menjadi bargaining power bagi negara untuk mendapatkan kepentingan negaranya. Seiring perkembangan teknologi dan militer dunia yang semakin maju, trend negara untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas militer semakin berkembang. Negara-negara hegemon semakin berupaya mengembangkan teknologi militernya untuk menghadapi konstelasi geopolitik yang semakin tidak menentu. Termasuk Tiongkok sebagai salah satu negara yang di prediksikan akan menjadi pesaing kuat Amerika Serikat, terus berupata memperkuat sektor militernya. Hal tersebut seiirng dengan perkembangan ekonomi Tiongkok yang juga semakin berkembang. Penelitian ini ingin menganalisis tentang strategi Tiongkok dalam memperkuat militernya untuk dapat bersaing dengan hegemoni Amerika Serikat yang semakin menguat. Dengan menggunakan perspektif Hubungan Internasional penelitian ini akan membedah apa saja yang dilakukan Pemerintah Tiongkok dalam memodernisasi militernya.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4607 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6860'

Reza Albeit F. ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 879 894 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4607 IMPLEMENTASI DIPLOMASI PERTAHANAN INDONESIA DAN ITALIA DALAM MENJAGA KEAMANAN MARITIM INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS: PENGADAAN KAPAL PERANG) https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4606 Security and Defense issues in the study of International Relations are important to predict the threat of a country in the midst of the uncertainty of increasingly advanced global conditions. Indonesia as a developing country consisting of various archipelagos realizes the importance of the military's ability to protect itself from threats both to the two countries and to the Indonesian people. Indonesia relies on diplomacy and international cooperation to meet the needs of defense defense and technology. One of the main partners in the cooperation is Italy. maritime countries, Indonesia and Italy face similar challenges, such as illegal fishing and transnational crime. This is the result of the diplomacy process carried out so that various agreements are produced. The researcher focuses on the agreement to procure warships considering the importance of defense in Indonesian waters as a vanguard in anticipating various threats to Indonesia. The researcher uses the neorealism approach, the concept of defense diplomacy and cooperation to find out the reason, implementation of the cooperation process, including what is the progress in the cooperation agreement between Indonesia and Italy in the procurement of the warship.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4606 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6859'

Nuzul Andri Sujatmiko ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 895 913 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4606 KERJASAMA PERTAHANAN RUSIA DAN KOREA UTARA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4605 The development of global security issues has become increasingly dynamic amidst hegemonic competition in various regional conflicts. The actions and reactions of states in responding to the dynamics of conflict across different regions present a compelling area of study within the field of international relations. One particularly noteworthy security issue that has garnered public attention is the strengthening military relationship between Russia and North Korea, occurring concurrently with the escalating conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the potential for conflict escalation on the Korean Peninsula. This situation is further underscored by the cooperation between Russia and North Korea, which is becoming increasingly focused on enhancing defence and military capabilities. There are a number of responses and projections regarding the negative impacts of the policies adopted by Russia towards North Korea. Consequently, researchers are investigating the underlying reasons for Russia's foreign policy formulation towards North Korea, employing a Neo-Realist perspective and grounded in foreign policy theory. Additionally, the analysis encompasses the determinants of foreign policy and several relevant supplementary theories.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4605 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6858'

Iman Sukoco ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 914 939 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4605 STRATEGI PERANG JARAK JAUH AMERIKA SERIKAT DI TANDUK AFRIKA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4604 The implementation of the United States' (US) long-range war strategy in the Horn of Africa region as a response to threats and modern counterterrorism efforts also faces various challenges of complex security dynamics, especially those related to transnational terrorism, armed conflict, and political instability involving various local, regional, and international actors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the indirect US military intervention in the battlefield through the implementation of a long-range war strategy, through aspects such as policies, mechanisms, effectiveness, and to evaluate its effectiveness in counterterrorism operations carried out. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library research data collection techniques and descriptive-analytical analysis, by analyzing relevant academic literature. The research findings indicate that a combination of strategies, including local security cooperation, intelligence assistance, training, special operations, military operations, the use of advanced technology and private military security contractors, local security agencies, and long-range air operations, has proven effective in enhancing regional threat mitigation and stability, countering terrorism, strengthening and expanding US political and military positions and influence, securing access to bases and resources in the region, strengthening regional defense capacity, and assisting in building long-term political and military relationships with partner nations. However, the implementation of this combination requires ongoing adjustments to remain relevant. Therefore, it can be concluded that the long-range war strategy through security cooperation is a crucial tool in US counterterrorism in the Horn of Africa and has proven effective in addressing complex security challenges without requiring a direct military presence.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4604 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6857'

Didiet Trilaksono ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 940 961 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4604 PEMBATALAN PERJANJIAN ANTARA PERSEMAKMURAN AUSTRALIA DENGAN TIONGKOK DALAM KERJASAMA BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI) PADA TAHUN 2021 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4603 The purpose of this study is to analyze the Commonwealth of Australia's reasons for canceling the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) cooperation agreement in 2021. The problem of this research stemmed from the participation of the state of Victoria in agreeing on a memorandum of understanding on the BRI cooperation agreement with China in the midst of Australia's efforts to suppress China's influence in the Indo-Pacific region. The Commonwealth Government of Australia took steps to create a new Foreign Relations Act to cancel the BRI cooperation carried out by the State of Victoria. This cancellation is the foreign policy of the Australian Federal Government to protect its national interests, especially in the Indo-Pacific region. Qualitative and analytical descriptive methods are the research methods used in this Thesis. The data collection technique is carried out through literature studies by searching for data derived from books, articles in journals, official documents and news articles. With the help of Foreign Policy Theory and the Concept of National Interest, it can explain the factors behind Australia's cancellation of the BRI cooperation agreement last year. First, Australia's security priorities. Second, Australia's involvement in the Blue Dot Netwok (BDN). Third, the threat of the Chinese military.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4603 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6856'

Dede Andriana Ramdan ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 962 975 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4603 ANALISIS KEPENTINGAN PAKISTAN DALAM PENINGKATAN KERJA SAMA PERTAHANAN DENGAN INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2020 - 2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4602 Pakistan is one of the countries in the world that until now has experienced various threats that have an impact on their sovereignty and national security, where the development of conflict in the South Asia region is one of the prominent forms of threat to them. In this condition, Pakistan needs to increase its defense capacity to defend their sovereignty from existing threats, where defense cooperation is one of their efforts to increase their military strength. Indonesia is one of the countries chosen by Pakistan to establish defense cooperation with them, which is based on the closeness of the two countries since the beginning of independence which has continued to grow marked by the signing of the Defense Cooperation Agreement in 2010. Since then, Pakistan has continued to increase the intensity of defense cooperation with Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the national interests of Pakistan in increasing defense and security cooperation with Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach, data collection in this study uses literature study techniques. The results of this study indicate that Iran has several national interests. First, increasing its military capacity to ensure national security in the region. Second, establishing long-term harmonious relations that are expected to benefit Pakistan's economic sector in the future.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4602 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6855'

Baskara Bimantara ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 976 997 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4602 KEBIJAKAN PERTAHANAN INDONESIA DALAM MERESPON DINAMIKA LINGKUNGAN STRATEGIS DI ASIA TENGGARA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4582 This article  aims to analyze the response of Indonesia in an effort to counterbalance the development of military power in Southeast Asia during the 1998-2010 periods. This response is placed on the dimensions of the development policy of Indonesia's defense posture. The author uses a case study design. Through analysis of various documents, books, journals, and other sources as well as interviews with six experts in the field of defense, the author argues that Indonesia's defense posture development policy (land, sea, and air) in response to the military development in the countries of the Southeast Asia region during 1998-2010 period is intended to achieve more deterrent power than building an offensive force. The policy was made in light of the perception that the countries in Southeast Asia have the potential to threaten the security and sovereignty of Indonesia. Meanwhile, Indonesia's ability to build up military strength in the upper levels is very limited deterrent. Limited sources of funding and political support as well as weaknesses in analyzing the strategic environment of the region led to the development of the policy could not achieve the level of deterrent and also have not gotten to the point 'strategic stability'. Indonesia was plagued by the problems of arms embargo by foreign countries and still has problems in the institutionalization of research and development. This thesis also gives some recommendations on efforts to develop Indonesia's future defense posture, particularly in the context of the security dilemma in Southeast Asia.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4582 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6835'

Shandika Yoga Erlangga ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 999 1028 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4582 ANALISIS KEPENTINGAN PERTAHANAN AUSTRALIA DALAM PENINGKATAN KERJA SAMA MILITER DENGAN INDONESIA TAHUN 2021 – 2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4580 The  Indo-Pacific  is  one  of  the  regions  in  the  world  that  experiences various dynamics of security and geopolitical issues, which causes unstable conditions for the region. The conflict in the South China Sea region and the rivalry  between  the  United  States  and  China  are  the  two  most  prominent conditions in the Indo-Pacific region. In this condition, Australia is trying to overcome this by cooperating in the defense sector, with Indonesia as one of the strategic partner options in the hope. The defense relationship between the two countries has been established since the 1950s, which has continued to grow from year to year as evidenced by the signing of the Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA)  in  2024.  This  study  uses  a  qualitative-descriptive  approach,  data collection in this study uses literature study techniques. Neorealism is used as a theory to discuss the problems raised in this study, national interests are the main concept in this study. The results of the study show that Australia has several interests in this cooperation. First, to carry out a balancing response to Chinese expansion  to  create  stability  in  the  region.  Second,  maintaining  long-term relations with Indonesia which will have an impact on the development and improvement of economic aspects.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4580 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6833'

Juni Fitriyan ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 1029 1046 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4580 TNI DAN PENANGANAN KEJAHATAN TRANSNASIONAL: STUDI KASUS DI PERBATASAN INDONESIA-TIMOR LESTE https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4578 This article discusses the role of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in dealing with transnational crime in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border area. Using qualitative research methods, the author emphasizes analysis of the dynamics of interphenomena relationships, not testing statistical hypotheses. This approach allows for an in-depth understanding of the social complexities of social policies, policies, and practices in the field interpretively and contextually. The theoretical framework of the research includes a realism approach, the concept of transnational crime, bilateral cooperation, and national security to analyze security challenges at the border. Realism helps explain how the country—in this case Indonesia—prioritizes national security in the face of cross-border threats. Meanwhile, the concept of bilateral cooperation highlights the efforts of the TNI and the Timorese authorities in strengthening regional security. Through this study, the author hopes to make an academic contribution to the study of international relations, especially in understanding the role of military actors in tackling transnational crime. The findings of the study are expected to be input for policymakers in formulating more effective and sustainable border security strategies.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4578 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6831'

Bayu Adiwisuda ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 1047 1064 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4578 ANALISIS SISTEM PERTAHANAN UDARA INDONESIA DALAM MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN KEAMANAN INDO PASIFIK TAHUN 2022 – 2024 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4576 The intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China in the Indo-Pacific has created multidimensional threats to regional stability, including the air domain. As a maritime archipelagic state located at the crossroads of two oceans, Indonesia faces increasing airspace violations, potential missile threats, and intelligence operations. This study analyzes the effectiveness of Indonesia’s air defense modernization strategy from 2022 to 2024 by integrating realist and constructivist perspectives. Using a qualitative descriptive-analytical method, data were collected through document analysis, official reports, academic literature, and credible news sources. The findings reveal that, from a realist standpoint, Indonesia has strengthened its hard power through procurement of advanced fighter aircraft, long-range missile systems, and radar modernization to meet the Minimum Essential Force (MEF) targets. Meanwhile, from a constructivist perspective, Indonesia actively engages in ASEAN-led multilateral forums and joint exercises to build trust and interoperability. The research highlights that while modernization improves deterrence capability, gaps remain in technological independence, radar coverage, and integration with regional defense networks. This study contributes to the discourse on regional security by offering a comprehensive framework that links military modernization with defense diplomacy, providing strategic insights for enhancing Indonesia’s air defense posture in the evolving Indo-Pacific security environment.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4576 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6829'

Banteng Raffi Isdiyanto ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 1065 1071 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4576 ANALISIS DIPLOMASI PERTAHANAN INDONESIA DENGAN TURKI TERKAIT DENGAN PENGADAAN ALUTSISTA MEDIUM TANK HARIMAU https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4574 Indonesia has increasingly pursued defense diplomacy as a strategic instrument to advance its national defense modernization agenda. This study examines Indonesia’s partnership with Turkiye in the joint development of the Medium Tank “Harimau” as a case of techno-nationalist defense cooperation. Drawing on a neorealist perspective and Bitzinger’s techno-nationalism framework which emphasizes the pursuit of power, wealth, and prestige the research explores Indonesia’ motivations for selecting Turkiye as a defense partner. The findings suggest that this cooperation aims to reduce foreign dependency, enhance indigenous defense industrial capacity, and strengthen Indonesia’s geopolitical standing. Employing a qualitative-descriptive method, this research relies on document-based analysis of official agreements, laws, and defense policy reports. It highlights the strategic significance of the industrial collaboration between PT PINDAD and FNSS Defense Systems Turkiye. The co-production of the Harimau tank is not merely a procurement arrangement but a reflection of Indonesia’s aspiration toward self-sufficiency, technological sovereignty, and recognition as a credible regional military power.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4574 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6827'

Priyo Iswahyudi ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 1072 1079 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4574 DUKUNGAN TURKI KEPADA QATAR DALAM KONFLIK DENGAN NEGARA GCC 2017-2021 https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4571 This article analyzes Turkey’s strategic support for Qatar during the 2017–2021 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) diplomatic crisis, which involved a regional blockade imposed by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt. While most regional actors distanced themselves from Qatar, Turkey provided assertive support in the form of military deployments, economic assistance, and diplomatic solidarity. Employing a descriptive qualitative method and a neorealist theoretical framework, this study explores Turkey’s motivations and policy choices during the crisis. Findings reveal that Turkey’s actions were guided by multifaceted national interests, including geopolitical positioning, ideological alignment with Qatar, defense cooperation, and economic investments. The research argues that Turkey's involvement was not merely an emotional or reactionary response, but a calculated move to enhance its influence in the Middle East and strengthen its role in Islamic geopolitics. Turkey’s support enabled Qatar to overcome several strategic disadvantages during the blockade while also improving Ankara’s regional reputation. This study contributes to the broader understanding of how middle powers navigate regional tensions through assertive foreign policy. Ultimately, Turkey’s approach during the crisis illustrates a shift toward more independent, interest-driven foreign policy behavior that reflects Ankara’s evolving role in global security affairs.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4571 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6824'

Adhi Setiadi Nugroho ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 1080 1090 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4571 DAMPAK KEANGGOTAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA DALAM BRICS TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4661 At the 2024 BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia, Indonesia, as a country with an independent and active foreign policy, expressed its interest in joining the group. This interest aligns with the preamble of the 1945 Constitution, which states that promoting the general welfare, particularly in the economic sector, is one of the nation’s objectives. On January 6, 2025, the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, serving as the President of BRICS, officially announced Indonesia’s membership in the group, based on the outcomes of the 2023 Johannesburg summit. This development paves the way for Indonesia to engage in future economic cooperation within the BRICS framework. This study conducted various identifications and analyses using the approaches of neoliberalism, dependency theory, world-systems theory, hegemonic stability theory, and international trade theory. Employing qualitative methods, the study reveals that Indonesia’s membership in BRICS has both positive and negative impacts on its economy. BRICS presents significant opportunities and challenges for Indonesia, not only in the economic sector but also in terms of politics and its global standing. This membership is seen as a strategic policy in Indonesia’s pursuit of becoming a more independent and influential global economic power.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4661 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6927'

Khairul Arifin ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 1091 1099 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4661 PERAN INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO) TERHADAP PEMENUHAN HAK PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA DI TIONGKOK (STUDI KASUS DI PROVINSI TAIWAN) https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/DGSJ/article/view/4662 Taiwan is a primary destination for many Indonesian migrant workers due to its rapid economic growth and demand for labour. However, these workers often face the risk of exploitation. The National Agency for the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (BNP2TKI) recognizes several problems encountered by Indonesian workers in Taiwan, including industrial issues such as unpaid wages and excessive placement fees. The rights of migrant workers are protected under the framework of the International Labour Organization (ILO), which is tasked with promoting fair and decent employment conditions. This study identifies and analyses these issues using the framework of institutional liberalism and the concept of international organizations. Employing a qualitative method, the study finds that the ILO’s role in protecting the rights of Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan remains insufficient, as many workers continue to experience mistreatment. Between 2017 and 2020, reported issues included physical abuse, wage theft, unilateral termination, undocumented employment, and other forms of exploitation. Despite the ILO’s presence and efforts, migrant workers in Taiwan continue to protest and demand their rights. The ILO, as an international organization and a non-state actor, plays a facilitative role in international labour cooperation but faces limitations in enforcement.

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4662 ORDER BY seq

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6928'

Dwi Meirani Sri Andriani Sapin ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-10-03 2025-10-03 2 1 1099 1108 10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4662

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