DIPLOMASI INDONESIA DENGAN MYANMAR DALAM RANGKA PENYELAMATAN WNI BERMASALAH
Keywords:
Indonesian diplomacy, Myanmar, distressed citizens, human security, multi-track diplomacy, citizen protection
Abstract
This study analyzes Indonesia’s diplomacy with Myanmar in the effort to rescue Indonesian citizens (WNI) in distress amid the complex political and security situation following the 2021 military coup. The increasing cases of human trafficking, online scams, and illegal labor exploitation involving Indonesian citizens in Myanmar have compelled the state to optimize diplomacy as an instrument of citizen protection. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing literature study and internet-based data collection techniques. The analytical framework includes neorealism, human security, and the concept of diplomacy to explain the role of state and non-state actors, as well as the dynamics of the international structure in the rescue process.
The findings indicate that Indonesia’s diplomacy is not only conducted through formal channels (track one diplomacy), but also involves a multi-track diplomacy approach engaging international organizations, civil society, and regional cooperation. However, the implementation faces several challenges, including limited diplomatic access, unstable security conditions, and ASEAN’s non-intervention principle. This study concludes that the effectiveness of Indonesia’s diplomacy in ensuring the human security of its citizens depends on synergy among actors and adaptive diplomatic strategies in responding to regional dynamics.
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Alifiyah, M. (2025). Diplomasi perlindungan Indonesia dalam penanganan pekerja migran Indonesia korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang di Myanmar tahun 2024–2025. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional.
Appleby, R. (2000). The ambivalence of the sacred: Religion, violence, and reconciliation. Rowman & Littlefield.
Asrudin, A. (2017). Thomas Kuhn dan teori hubungan internasional: Realisme sebagai paradigma. Indonesian Journal of International Studies, 114–115.
Barnett, M. (2011). Empire of humanity: A history of humanitarianism. Cornell University Press.
Barnett, M., & Stein, J. (2012). Religion and humanitarianism. International Studies Review, 14(3), 359–379.
Basrowi, & Suwandi. (2008). Memahami penelitian kualitatif. Cipta.
Bebbington, A., Hickey, S., & Mitlin, D. (2008). Can NGOs make a difference? The challenge of development alternatives. Zed Books.
Clarke, G. (2013). Faith-based organizations and international development. Third World Quarterly, 34(4), 685–703.
Cottle, S. (2009). Global crisis reporting: Journalism in the global age. McGraw-Hill.
Dharmaputra, R. (2018). Neorealisme dalam teori hubungan internasional (perspektif klasik). Dalam V. Dugis (Ed.), Teori hubungan internasional. Airlangga University Press.
Diamond, L., & McDonald, J. W. (1996). Multi-track diplomacy: A systems approach to peace. Kumarian Press.
Dugis, V. (Ed.). (2018). Teori hubungan internasional (perspektif-perspektif klasik). Airlangga University Press.
Fadhlurrahman. (2025). Daftar negara dengan penduduk terbanyak di dunia Juni 2025. Katadata.co.id. Retrieved October 30, 2025, from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/demografi/statistik/004e226d2094322/daftar-negara-dengan-penduduk-terbanyak-di-dunia-juni-2025
Glanville, J. L., & Story, W. T. (2018). Social capital and self-rated health: Clarifying the role of trust. Social Science Research, 71, 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.01.002
Glen, M. (2020). Kepentingan nasional dan diplomasi ala Indonesia dalam penyelesaian konflik etnis Rohingya di Myanmar. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, XIII.
Hasan, M. I. (2002). Pokok-pokok metode penelitian. PT Bumi Aksara.
Haynes, J. (2007). An introduction to international relations and religion. Pearson Education.
Hoover, S. M. (2012). Religion and media. Communication Research Trends, 31(2), 3–27.
Irfani. (2025). Pengakuan WNI yang menyelamatkan diri dari perusahaan Kamboja Myanmar. BBC.com. Retrieved November 10, 2025, from https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c4gzd4y9rvno
Isa. (2025). Kemlu pulangkan 84 WNI dari pusat online scam ilegal di Myanmar. CNN Indonesia. Retrieved November 5, 2025, from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20250228101018-106-1203397/kemlu-ri-pulangkan-84-wni-dari-pusat-online-scam-ilegal-di-myanmar
Jose, B. A. (2015). Achieving human security for migrants: The limits of state policies and migration-development initiatives. Journal of the Global South, 2(21), 1–13.
Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics. Cornell University Press.
Khofifah, A., Shelbina, S., & Averina, N. (2025). ASEAN dan diplomasi regional: Peran Indonesia dalam mediasi konflik Myanmar. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 10, 1314.
Louise, D., & McDonald, J. (1996). Multi-track diplomacy: A systems approach to peace (3rd ed.). Kumarian Press.
Matthew, G. (2020). Kepentingan nasional Indonesia dan diplomasi ala Indonesia dalam penyelesaian konflik Rohingya. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 12(1), 75.
Naing, C. (2021). Myanmar junta’s top diplomat in talks with Thailand Indonesia. Southeast Asia Globe. Retrieved November 8, 2025, from https://southeastasiaglobe.com/myanmar-junta-meets-with-foreign-governments/
Nazir, M. (2003). Metode penelitian. Ghalia Indonesia.
Pertiwi, V., & Daspar. (2025). Kerjasama bilateral Indonesia-Malaysia dalam perspektif ekonomi. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 1–4.
Sabrina, F., & Prasetyo, H. (2024). Upaya hukum dan pemulangan dalam kasus tindak pidana perdagangan orang di Myanmar. Jurnal Media Hukum Indonesia, 2.
Safitri, D., & Wibisono, A. (2023). Keamanan manusia pekerja migran Indonesia. Intermestic Journal of International Studies, 741–769.
Sandrina, & Isabel. (2018). Introducing realism in international relations theory. International Relations.
Santoso, R., Moenardy, D., & Muttaqin, R. (2024). Digital diplomacy of Indonesia in realizing its vision as the ASEAN digital economy hub. Journal of International Relations.
Saleh, S. (2023). Analisis data kualitatif. Penerbit Pustaka.
Sirajuddin, S. (2023). Analisis data kualitatif. Pustaka Ramadhan.
Sofwatillah, Risnita, Jailani, & Saksitha, D. (2024). Teknik analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif dalam penelitian ilmiah.
Suryokusumo, S. (2004). Praktik diplomasi. STIH IBLAM.
Satudata. (2025). Data tenaga kerja TW II tahun 2025. Kemnaker.go.id. Retrieved November 1, 2025, from https://satudata.kemnaker.go.id/data/kumpulan-data
UNOCHA. (2009). OCHA annual report 2009. Retrieved May 1, from https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/world/ocha-annual-report-2009
Waltz, K. N. (1959). Journal of International Affairs 21. University Press.
Wardah. (2025). Kemlu RI: 525 WNI terlibat kasus online scam di Myawaddy. VOA Indonesia. Retrieved November 12, 2025, from https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/kemlu-ri-525-wni-terlibat-kasus-online-scam-di-myawaddy/8001524.html
Wijayanti, A. (2022). Pengaruh kepentingan nasional dalam pelaksanaan politik luar negeri bebas aktif. International Economics Politics, 70–95.
Published
2026-05-18
How to Cite
Nugroho, D. A. (2026). DIPLOMASI INDONESIA DENGAN MYANMAR DALAM RANGKA PENYELAMATAN WNI BERMASALAH. Diplomacy and Global Security Journal : Jurnal Mahasiswa Magister Hubungan Internasional, 2(2), 98-109. https://doi.org/10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.5545
Section
Articles
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