DAMPAK AMERIKA SERIKAT KELUAR DARI PERJANJIAN INTERMEDIATE-RANGE NUCLEAR FORCES (INF) TERHADAP STABILITAS KEAMANAN GLOBAL


(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4592 ORDER BY seq  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6845'  

    (mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4592 ORDER BY seq  

    (mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6845'  
  • Helmi Awan Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
Keywords: INF Treaty, global security, arms race, foreign policy.

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of the United States’ withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty on August 2, 2019, on global security stability. Signed in 1987 by the US and the Soviet Union, the INF Treaty marked a milestone in controlling intermediate-range nuclear weapons. The US withdrawal was based on allegations of Russian violations, particularly the development of the 9M729 missile, which Russia denied. This decision sparked concerns among major powers, especially in Europe and the Asia-Pacific, about the resurgence of an arms race reminiscent of the Cold War. The impacts include heightened military tensions in Eastern Europe, strategic dilemmas for NATO members, and potential missile competition escalation in the Asia-Pacific between the US and China. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature study, this research identifies implications for the military and environmental sectors, and examines shifts in international alliance patterns. The findings reveal that the US exit from the INF weakens arms control regimes, increases the risk of strategic instability, and encourages offensive defense policies by major powers. The study recommends multilateral diplomacy to reduce escalation and build a new inclusive arms control regime.


(mysql): SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = 'usagestatsplugin' AND context_id = 10 AND setting_name = 'displayStatistics'  

(mysql): SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = 'usagestatsplugin' AND context_id = 10  

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4592 ORDER BY seq  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6845'  

References

Buzan, B. (1983). People, States, and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations (2nd ed.). Wheatsheaf Books. https://www.scribd.com/document/367378278/Barry-Buzan-People-States-and-Fear
Internasional Kontan. (2020, June 8). Punya 2.200 rudal balistik, China bisa kehilangan 95%-nya jika teken perjanjian. Kontan. https://internasional.kontan.co.id/news/punya-2200-rudal-balistik-china-bisa-kehilangan-95-nya-jika-teken-perjanjian?page=all
Khalid Gill, R. (2020, May 10). Analysing INF Treaty: US withdrawal and its implications towards Asian Allies. Modern Diplomacy. https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/10/25/analysing-inf-treaty-us-withdrawal-and-its-implications-towards-asian-allies/
Lanoszka, A. (2019). The INF Treaty: Pulling Out in Time. . STRATEGIC STUDIES QUARTERLY, 13(2).
SIPRI. (2024). Global military spending surges amid war, rising tensions and insecurity. https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2024/global-military-spending-surges-amid-war-rising-tensions-and-insecurity
UNODA. (n.d.). Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Retrieved August 12, 2025, from https://disarmament.unoda.org/wmd/nuclear/npt/
US Department of State. (2018, December 4). Russia’s Violation of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. US Department of State. https://2017-2021.state.gov/russias-violation-of-the-intermediate-range-nuclear-forces-inf-treaty/
VoA Indonesia. (2019, August 3). AS Keluar dari Perjanjian INF. VoA Indonesia. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/as-keluar-dari-perjanjian-inf/5026641.html
Waltz, Kenneth. N. (1978). Theory of International Politics . Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. https://dl1.cuni.cz/pluginfile.php/486328/mod_resource/content/0/Kenneth%20N.%20Waltz%20Theory%20of%20International%20Politics%20Addison-Wesley%20series%20in%20political%20science%20%20%20%201979.pdf
Yuliana P.S, M. R. A. P. S. P. K. P., Putra S, A., & Penny Kurnia P, P. (2020). Analisis Realisme Ofensif Amerika Serikat Keluar dari Intermediate Range Nuclear Force Treaty (INF Treaty). Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 1(1), 1–11.
Published
2025-10-03
How to Cite
Awan, H. (2025). DAMPAK AMERIKA SERIKAT KELUAR DARI PERJANJIAN INTERMEDIATE-RANGE NUCLEAR FORCES (INF) TERHADAP STABILITAS KEAMANAN GLOBAL, 2(1), 600-613. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/dgsj.v2i2.4592

(mysql): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title FROM authors a JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id) WHERE a.submission_id = 4592 ORDER BY seq  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '6845'  

(mysql): SELECT DISTINCT aa.submission_id FROM authors aa LEFT JOIN submissions a ON (aa.submission_id = a.submission_id) LEFT JOIN author_settings asl ON (asl.author_id = aa.author_id AND asl.setting_name = 'affiliation') WHERE aa.first_name = 'Helmi' AND a.status = 3 AND (aa.middle_name = '' OR aa.middle_name IS NULL) AND aa.last_name = 'Awan' AND (asl.setting_value = 'Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani') AND (aa.country = 'ID')  

(mysql): SELECT ps.*, s.*, COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title, COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev FROM published_submissions ps JOIN submissions s ON (ps.submission_id = s.submission_id) JOIN sections se ON se.section_id = s.section_id LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (se.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = 'title' AND stpl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (se.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = 'title' AND stl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (se.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sapl.locale = 'en_US') LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (se.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sal.locale = 'en_US') WHERE s.submission_id = 4592  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM submission_settings WHERE submission_id = '4592'  

(mysql): SELECT sf.*, g.* FROM submission_galleys g LEFT JOIN submission_files sf ON (g.file_id = sf.file_id) LEFT JOIN submission_files nsf ON (nsf.file_id = g.file_id AND nsf.revision > sf.revision) WHERE g.submission_id = 4592 AND nsf.file_id IS NULL ORDER BY g.seq  

(mysql): SELECT * FROM submission_galley_settings WHERE galley_id = '1227'  

(mysql): SELECT v.* FROM versions v LEFT JOIN plugin_settings ps ON lower(v.product_class_name) = ps.plugin_name AND ps.setting_name = 'enabled' AND (context_id = 0 OR v.sitewide = 1) WHERE v.current = 1 AND (ps.setting_value = '1' OR v.lazy_load <> 1)  

(mysql): SELECT v.* FROM versions v LEFT JOIN plugin_settings ps ON lower(v.product_class_name) = ps.plugin_name AND ps.setting_name = 'enabled' AND (context_id = 0 OR v.sitewide = 1) WHERE v.current = 1 AND (ps.setting_value = '1' OR v.lazy_load <> 1)  

(mysql): SELECT v.* FROM versions v LEFT JOIN plugin_settings ps ON lower(v.product_class_name) = ps.plugin_name AND ps.setting_name = 'enabled' AND (context_id = 0 OR v.sitewide = 1) WHERE v.current = 1 AND (ps.setting_value = '1' OR v.lazy_load <> 1)  

(mysql): SELECT v.* FROM versions v LEFT JOIN plugin_settings ps ON lower(v.product_class_name) = ps.plugin_name AND ps.setting_name = 'enabled' AND (context_id = 0 OR v.sitewide = 1) WHERE v.current = 1 AND (ps.setting_value = '1' OR v.lazy_load <> 1)