PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI KREATIF SEBAGAI PARADIPLOMASI KOTA METROPOLITAN SEOUL
Abstract
Seoul Metropolitan City is one of the metropolitan cities in South Korea, which able to perceive its interest with self-government in international activities. Seoul Metropolitan City government has implemented paradiplomacy to develop its creative economy which is limited to aspects of music, drama, and fashion. This article uses qualitative methods with literature studies to support the required data. This article also seeks to describe the paradiplomacy carried out by the Seoul Metropolitan City government with self-government in a unitary state with a literature review covering transgovernmentalism, foreign relations, paradiplomacy, and creative economy. Besides, the authors also argue that the Seoul Metropolitan City government could optimize its potential with policies or actions taken by the Seoul Metropolitan City government on the aspects of music, drama, and fashion towards the global public.
References
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Bocella, Nicola; Salerno, I. (2016). Creative Economy Cultural Industries and Local Development (pp. 291–296).
Burhan, Z. (2017). Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Kota Makassar terkait Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif Berbasis Budaya dan Potensi Pengembangannya dalam Menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN. Jurnal Transformasi Global.
Byeonghee, K. (2018). Seoul Brand Story. 162–163. http://www.kleenex.com/NA/About/Brand-Story.aspx Kleenex history
Delanova, M. O., Utami Effendi, M. V., & Djemat, Y. O. (2018). Kerjasama Sister City Pemerintah Kota Bandung (Indonesia) Dan Pemerintah Kota Petaling Jaya (Malaysia) Dalam Meningkatkan Industri Ekonomi Kreatif Bandung Tahun 2012-2016. Jurnal Dinamika Global, 3(01), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v3i01.58
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Government, S. M. (2010). Seoul designated as UNESCO Creative City for design. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2011a). Seoul Metropolitan Government Promotes Hallyu to Mark Export of Hit Drama. English.Compass.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2011b). Seoul Metropolitan Government Teams Up with K-Pop Stars to Promote City to Hallyu Fans. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2019). Seoul Hosts 2020 S/S Seoul Fashion Week. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Grydehøj, A. (2014). Goals , Capabilities , and Instruments of Paradiplomacy By Subnational Jurisdictions. Local Actions in a Global Context: Paradiplomacy by Subnational Jurisdictions, 10–20. http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/0966813032000084028&magic=crossref%7C%7CD404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3%5Cnhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966813032000084028
Harikesa, I. W. A. (2020). Industry Revolution 4.0 : Strenghthening the Creative Economy Sectors Through Bekraf Implementation Programs. Jurnal Dinamika Global, 5(01), 84–108. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v5i1.139
Hönke, J. (2014). Development and international relations. Methods and Perspectives in Intellectual Property, January 2013, 243–244. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783470532.00018
Hye Eun, K. (2015). An Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Seoul Fashion Week with a Focus on Organisational Issues. Fashion & Textile Journal, 17(6).
Jhoo, D. (2015). Seoul City, SM join hands to boost hallyu. Koreantimesus.Com. http://www.koreatimesus.com/seoul-city-sm-join-hands-to-boost-hallyu/
Jimenéz, Lorena; Kim, D.-P. (2019). No Title. Groovekorea.Com.
Kwang-Kook, Park; Wonhee, Lee; Seok-Hwan, L. (2016). Understanding Korean Public Administration: Lessons Learned From Practice. In Routledge.
Lamont, C. (2015). Research Methods in International Relations.
Lequesne, C., & Paquin, S. (2017). Federalism, paradiplomacy and foreign policy: A case of mutual neglect. International Negotiation, 22(2), 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718069-22001133
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Organization, K. T. (2019). Travel News. English.Visitkorea.Co.Kr.
Ramsey, A. M. (2018). Internasionalisasi Budaya Industri Kreatif: Studi Komparasi Cool Japan dan Korean Wave. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Rodrigues, G. M. A., & Mattioli, T. (2017). Paradiplomacy, Security Policies and City Networks: the Case of the Mercocities Citizen Security Thematic Unit. Contexto Internacional, 39(3), 569–587. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2017390300006
Sangkyun, K., Long, P., & Robinson, M. (2009). Small Screen, Big Tourism: The Role of Popular Korean Television Dramasin South Korean Tourism. Tourism Geographies, 11(3), 308–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903053334
Suciu, M.-C. (2008). The Creative Economy. Lex Et Scientia, 60(10 I), 25.
Teh, P. Y., & Goh, H. C. (2016). Does Korean drama have a real influence? An analysis of malaysia outbound tourists to south korea. Tourism, Culture and Communication, 16(3), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830416X14750895902882
Agency, Y. N. (2019). Seoul city gov’t to hold K-pop festival at Gwanghwamun Square. En.Yna.Co.Kr. https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190917005100315
Bocella, Nicola; Salerno, I. (2016). Creative Economy Cultural Industries and Local Development (pp. 291–296).
Burhan, Z. (2017). Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Kota Makassar terkait Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif Berbasis Budaya dan Potensi Pengembangannya dalam Menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN. Jurnal Transformasi Global.
Byeonghee, K. (2018). Seoul Brand Story. 162–163. http://www.kleenex.com/NA/About/Brand-Story.aspx Kleenex history
Delanova, M. O., Utami Effendi, M. V., & Djemat, Y. O. (2018). Kerjasama Sister City Pemerintah Kota Bandung (Indonesia) Dan Pemerintah Kota Petaling Jaya (Malaysia) Dalam Meningkatkan Industri Ekonomi Kreatif Bandung Tahun 2012-2016. Jurnal Dinamika Global, 3(01), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v3i01.58
Government, S. M. (n.d.-a). A New Foothold to Leap Forward in the World. English.Seoul.Go.Kr. http://english.seoul.go.kr/policy-information/culture-tourism/iseoulu/new-foothold-leap-forward-world/
Government, S. M. (n.d.-b). I Seoul U. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2010). Seoul designated as UNESCO Creative City for design. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2011a). Seoul Metropolitan Government Promotes Hallyu to Mark Export of Hit Drama. English.Compass.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2011b). Seoul Metropolitan Government Teams Up with K-Pop Stars to Promote City to Hallyu Fans. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2019). Seoul Hosts 2020 S/S Seoul Fashion Week. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Grydehøj, A. (2014). Goals , Capabilities , and Instruments of Paradiplomacy By Subnational Jurisdictions. Local Actions in a Global Context: Paradiplomacy by Subnational Jurisdictions, 10–20. http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/0966813032000084028&magic=crossref%7C%7CD404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3%5Cnhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966813032000084028
Harikesa, I. W. A. (2020). Industry Revolution 4.0 : Strenghthening the Creative Economy Sectors Through Bekraf Implementation Programs. Jurnal Dinamika Global, 5(01), 84–108. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v5i1.139
Hönke, J. (2014). Development and international relations. Methods and Perspectives in Intellectual Property, January 2013, 243–244. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783470532.00018
Hye Eun, K. (2015). An Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Seoul Fashion Week with a Focus on Organisational Issues. Fashion & Textile Journal, 17(6).
Jhoo, D. (2015). Seoul City, SM join hands to boost hallyu. Koreantimesus.Com. http://www.koreatimesus.com/seoul-city-sm-join-hands-to-boost-hallyu/
Jimenéz, Lorena; Kim, D.-P. (2019). No Title. Groovekorea.Com.
Kwang-Kook, Park; Wonhee, Lee; Seok-Hwan, L. (2016). Understanding Korean Public Administration: Lessons Learned From Practice. In Routledge.
Lamont, C. (2015). Research Methods in International Relations.
Lequesne, C., & Paquin, S. (2017). Federalism, paradiplomacy and foreign policy: A case of mutual neglect. International Negotiation, 22(2), 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718069-22001133
Magazine, T. A. (2018). Seoul tourism that makes both residents and visitors happy. Meetingmediagroup.Com. http://www.meetingmediagroup.com/article/seoul-tourism-that-makes-both-residents-and-visitors-happy
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Korea. (n.d.). Policy Information. mofa.go.kr. http://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/wpge/m_22844/contents.do
Nye, J. S., & Keohane, R. O. (2010). and World Relations Transnational Politics : An Introduction. World Politics, 25(3).
Organization, K. T. (2019). Travel News. English.Visitkorea.Co.Kr.
Ramsey, A. M. (2018). Internasionalisasi Budaya Industri Kreatif: Studi Komparasi Cool Japan dan Korean Wave. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Rodrigues, G. M. A., & Mattioli, T. (2017). Paradiplomacy, Security Policies and City Networks: the Case of the Mercocities Citizen Security Thematic Unit. Contexto Internacional, 39(3), 569–587. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2017390300006
Sangkyun, K., Long, P., & Robinson, M. (2009). Small Screen, Big Tourism: The Role of Popular Korean Television Dramasin South Korean Tourism. Tourism Geographies, 11(3), 308–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903053334
Suciu, M.-C. (2008). The Creative Economy. Lex Et Scientia, 60(10 I), 25.
Teh, P. Y., & Goh, H. C. (2016). Does Korean drama have a real influence? An analysis of malaysia outbound tourists to south korea. Tourism, Culture and Communication, 16(3), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830416X14750895902882
Throsby, D. (2008). The concentric circles model of the cultural industries. Cultural Trends, 17(3), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/09548960802361951
UNESCO. (2017). 2013-2017 Report.
Week, S. F. (2020). About SFW. Seoulfashionweek.Org.
Wibowo, H. (2018). Pengembangan Ekonomi Kreatif Desa Melalui Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Bumdes) Menuju Koperasi Berbasis IT. Maqdis : Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Islam, 3(1), 17–30.
World, K. (2019). Seoul city to become music hub. World.Kbs.Co.Kr. world.kbs.co.kr: https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=e&menu_cate=enternews&id=&board_seq=370865
Yonhap News Agency. (2019). Seoul city gov’t to hold K-pop festival at Gwanghwamun Square. en.yna.co.kr. https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190917005100315
Bocella, Nicola; Salerno, I. (2016). Creative Economy Cultural Industries and Local Development (pp. 291–296).
Burhan, Z. (2017). Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Kota Makassar terkait Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif Berbasis Budaya dan Potensi Pengembangannya dalam Menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN. Jurnal Transformasi Global.
Byeonghee, K. (2018). Seoul Brand Story. 162–163. http://www.kleenex.com/NA/About/Brand-Story.aspx Kleenex history
Delanova, M. O., Utami Effendi, M. V., & Djemat, Y. O. (2018). Kerjasama Sister City Pemerintah Kota Bandung (Indonesia) Dan Pemerintah Kota Petaling Jaya (Malaysia) Dalam Meningkatkan Industri Ekonomi Kreatif Bandung Tahun 2012-2016. Jurnal Dinamika Global, 3(01), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v3i01.58
Government, S. M. (n.d.-a). A New Foothold to Leap Forward in the World. English.Seoul.Go.Kr. http://english.seoul.go.kr/policy-information/culture-tourism/iseoulu/new-foothold-leap-forward-world/
Government, S. M. (n.d.-b). I Seoul U. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2010). Seoul designated as UNESCO Creative City for design. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2011a). Seoul Metropolitan Government Promotes Hallyu to Mark Export of Hit Drama. English.Compass.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2011b). Seoul Metropolitan Government Teams Up with K-Pop Stars to Promote City to Hallyu Fans. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2019). Seoul Hosts 2020 S/S Seoul Fashion Week. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Grydehøj, A. (2014). Goals , Capabilities , and Instruments of Paradiplomacy By Subnational Jurisdictions. Local Actions in a Global Context: Paradiplomacy by Subnational Jurisdictions, 10–20. http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/0966813032000084028&magic=crossref%7C%7CD404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3%5Cnhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966813032000084028
Harikesa, I. W. A. (2020). Industry Revolution 4.0 : Strenghthening the Creative Economy Sectors Through Bekraf Implementation Programs. Jurnal Dinamika Global, 5(01), 84–108. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v5i1.139
Hönke, J. (2014). Development and international relations. Methods and Perspectives in Intellectual Property, January 2013, 243–244. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783470532.00018
Hye Eun, K. (2015). An Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Seoul Fashion Week with a Focus on Organisational Issues. Fashion & Textile Journal, 17(6).
Jhoo, D. (2015). Seoul City, SM join hands to boost hallyu. Koreantimesus.Com. http://www.koreatimesus.com/seoul-city-sm-join-hands-to-boost-hallyu/
Jimenéz, Lorena; Kim, D.-P. (2019). No Title. Groovekorea.Com.
Kwang-Kook, Park; Wonhee, Lee; Seok-Hwan, L. (2016). Understanding Korean Public Administration: Lessons Learned From Practice. In Routledge.
Lamont, C. (2015). Research Methods in International Relations.
Lequesne, C., & Paquin, S. (2017). Federalism, paradiplomacy and foreign policy: A case of mutual neglect. International Negotiation, 22(2), 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718069-22001133
Magazine, T. A. (2018). Seoul tourism that makes both residents and visitors happy. Meetingmediagroup.Com. http://www.meetingmediagroup.com/article/seoul-tourism-that-makes-both-residents-and-visitors-happy
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Korea. (n.d.). Policy Information. mofa.go.kr. http://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/wpge/m_22844/contents.do
Nye, J. S., & Keohane, R. O. (2010). and World Relations Transnational Politics : An Introduction. World Politics, 25(3).
Organization, K. T. (2019). Travel News. English.Visitkorea.Co.Kr.
Ramsey, A. M. (2018). Internasionalisasi Budaya Industri Kreatif: Studi Komparasi Cool Japan dan Korean Wave. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Rodrigues, G. M. A., & Mattioli, T. (2017). Paradiplomacy, Security Policies and City Networks: the Case of the Mercocities Citizen Security Thematic Unit. Contexto Internacional, 39(3), 569–587. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2017390300006
Sangkyun, K., Long, P., & Robinson, M. (2009). Small Screen, Big Tourism: The Role of Popular Korean Television Dramasin South Korean Tourism. Tourism Geographies, 11(3), 308–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903053334
Suciu, M.-C. (2008). The Creative Economy. Lex Et Scientia, 60(10 I), 25.
Teh, P. Y., & Goh, H. C. (2016). Does Korean drama have a real influence? An analysis of malaysia outbound tourists to south korea. Tourism, Culture and Communication, 16(3), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830416X14750895902882
Agency, Y. N. (2019). Seoul city gov’t to hold K-pop festival at Gwanghwamun Square. En.Yna.Co.Kr. https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190917005100315
Bocella, Nicola; Salerno, I. (2016). Creative Economy Cultural Industries and Local Development (pp. 291–296).
Burhan, Z. (2017). Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Kota Makassar terkait Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif Berbasis Budaya dan Potensi Pengembangannya dalam Menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN. Jurnal Transformasi Global.
Byeonghee, K. (2018). Seoul Brand Story. 162–163. http://www.kleenex.com/NA/About/Brand-Story.aspx Kleenex history
Delanova, M. O., Utami Effendi, M. V., & Djemat, Y. O. (2018). Kerjasama Sister City Pemerintah Kota Bandung (Indonesia) Dan Pemerintah Kota Petaling Jaya (Malaysia) Dalam Meningkatkan Industri Ekonomi Kreatif Bandung Tahun 2012-2016. Jurnal Dinamika Global, 3(01), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v3i01.58
Government, S. M. (n.d.-a). A New Foothold to Leap Forward in the World. English.Seoul.Go.Kr. http://english.seoul.go.kr/policy-information/culture-tourism/iseoulu/new-foothold-leap-forward-world/
Government, S. M. (n.d.-b). I Seoul U. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2010). Seoul designated as UNESCO Creative City for design. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2011a). Seoul Metropolitan Government Promotes Hallyu to Mark Export of Hit Drama. English.Compass.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2011b). Seoul Metropolitan Government Teams Up with K-Pop Stars to Promote City to Hallyu Fans. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Government, S. M. (2019). Seoul Hosts 2020 S/S Seoul Fashion Week. English.Seoul.Go.Kr.
Grydehøj, A. (2014). Goals , Capabilities , and Instruments of Paradiplomacy By Subnational Jurisdictions. Local Actions in a Global Context: Paradiplomacy by Subnational Jurisdictions, 10–20. http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/0966813032000084028&magic=crossref%7C%7CD404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3%5Cnhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966813032000084028
Harikesa, I. W. A. (2020). Industry Revolution 4.0 : Strenghthening the Creative Economy Sectors Through Bekraf Implementation Programs. Jurnal Dinamika Global, 5(01), 84–108. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v5i1.139
Hönke, J. (2014). Development and international relations. Methods and Perspectives in Intellectual Property, January 2013, 243–244. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783470532.00018
Hye Eun, K. (2015). An Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Seoul Fashion Week with a Focus on Organisational Issues. Fashion & Textile Journal, 17(6).
Jhoo, D. (2015). Seoul City, SM join hands to boost hallyu. Koreantimesus.Com. http://www.koreatimesus.com/seoul-city-sm-join-hands-to-boost-hallyu/
Jimenéz, Lorena; Kim, D.-P. (2019). No Title. Groovekorea.Com.
Kwang-Kook, Park; Wonhee, Lee; Seok-Hwan, L. (2016). Understanding Korean Public Administration: Lessons Learned From Practice. In Routledge.
Lamont, C. (2015). Research Methods in International Relations.
Lequesne, C., & Paquin, S. (2017). Federalism, paradiplomacy and foreign policy: A case of mutual neglect. International Negotiation, 22(2), 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718069-22001133
Magazine, T. A. (2018). Seoul tourism that makes both residents and visitors happy. Meetingmediagroup.Com. http://www.meetingmediagroup.com/article/seoul-tourism-that-makes-both-residents-and-visitors-happy
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Korea. (n.d.). Policy Information. mofa.go.kr. http://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/wpge/m_22844/contents.do
Nye, J. S., & Keohane, R. O. (2010). and World Relations Transnational Politics : An Introduction. World Politics, 25(3).
Organization, K. T. (2019). Travel News. English.Visitkorea.Co.Kr.
Ramsey, A. M. (2018). Internasionalisasi Budaya Industri Kreatif: Studi Komparasi Cool Japan dan Korean Wave. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Rodrigues, G. M. A., & Mattioli, T. (2017). Paradiplomacy, Security Policies and City Networks: the Case of the Mercocities Citizen Security Thematic Unit. Contexto Internacional, 39(3), 569–587. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2017390300006
Sangkyun, K., Long, P., & Robinson, M. (2009). Small Screen, Big Tourism: The Role of Popular Korean Television Dramasin South Korean Tourism. Tourism Geographies, 11(3), 308–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903053334
Suciu, M.-C. (2008). The Creative Economy. Lex Et Scientia, 60(10 I), 25.
Teh, P. Y., & Goh, H. C. (2016). Does Korean drama have a real influence? An analysis of malaysia outbound tourists to south korea. Tourism, Culture and Communication, 16(3), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830416X14750895902882
Throsby, D. (2008). The concentric circles model of the cultural industries. Cultural Trends, 17(3), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/09548960802361951
UNESCO. (2017). 2013-2017 Report.
Week, S. F. (2020). About SFW. Seoulfashionweek.Org.
Wibowo, H. (2018). Pengembangan Ekonomi Kreatif Desa Melalui Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Bumdes) Menuju Koperasi Berbasis IT. Maqdis : Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Islam, 3(1), 17–30.
World, K. (2019). Seoul city to become music hub. World.Kbs.Co.Kr. world.kbs.co.kr: https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=e&menu_cate=enternews&id=&board_seq=370865
Yonhap News Agency. (2019). Seoul city gov’t to hold K-pop festival at Gwanghwamun Square. en.yna.co.kr. https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190917005100315
Published
2021-06-17
How to Cite
Nur Alam, G., Maharani, R., Affandi, R. N., & Dermawan, W. (2021). PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI KREATIF SEBAGAI PARADIPLOMASI KOTA METROPOLITAN SEOUL. Dinamika Global : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 6(01). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v6i01.463
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Articles
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